A Market and Spatial Perspective of Health Tourism Destinations: The Hungarian Experience

Since health tourism is one of the most popular and most dynamically developing products of modern tourism, this paper aims at studying the characteristic features of health tourism destinations from a regional and spatial perspective. Accordingly, the authors would like to introduce a new approach of spatial and product analysis of tourism where the market and spatial relations and relevance of health tourism were analysed through the example of Hungary. Although the classic medical tourism centres were established on natural medical water basis, by today, due to product diversification, continuous innovation and the involvement of medical services into health tourism, the geographical embeddedness seems to disappear, thus basically restructuring the market. The methodological novelty of the research is that exceeding the classic supply–demand algorithm, we compiled a complex viewpoint system adequate to the specialities of the given product characteristics. In our study, the authors intend to survey the special characteristics of health tourism focusing on medical destinations through Hungarian examples since the country's leading position in the global market is well recognized, including medical services. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corruption and Tourism: An Empirical Investigation in a Non‐linear Framework

This article investigates the effect of corruption on tourism demand for a panel of countries during 1999–2009 by using panel least square and fixed effects regressions. Prior research has considered only the linear effects of corruption on tourism. We examine the relationship between corruption and tourism in a non‐linear framework after controlling for economic and heritage factors. The findings suggest that corruption has a significant effect on tourism demand and that this effect is non‐linear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

依托资源优势发展哈尔滨市森林旅游业

哈尔滨市的森林旅游资源十分丰富,有众多的森林公园和自然保护区,但哈尔滨森林旅游尚处于起步和发展阶段,如何利用森林旅游资源,发展森林旅游,对其今后的发展战略和科学规划进行研究是目前亟待解决的问题.哈尔滨市应依托资源优势,大力发展森林旅游业.     

基于多目标决策模型的区域旅游可持续发展研究——以西藏自治区为例

旅游的可持续发展决定于旅游与人口、社会、资源、环境之间的协调发展,本文建立了西藏地区旅游可持续发展系统的多目标规划模型,针对西藏旅游业发展的三大目标：经济目标、生态目标与群众目标,采用模式搜索算法对多目标规划模型进行求解,获得西藏旅游可持续发展系统不同发展战略下的求解结果。依据求解结果,提出了对西藏旅游可持续发展系统进行过程控制的相关对策建议。     

旅游产业发展与居民消费结构——基于1994～2009年经验数据

旅游产业的发展和居民消费结构有重要的关联,研究居民消费结构的变化对旅游产业的发展具有十分重要的意义。通过对1994～2009年旅游消费和居民消费结构有关数据的分析,发现我国旅游消费的增长速度在不断放缓,导致旅游产业的发展可能面临瓶颈。城乡二元结构对旅游消费有重要影响,城镇居民旅游消费降低与住房、医疗和教育等支出有关,农村居民旅游消费可能会发展为新的增长点。     

明清云南旅游活动研究

运用现代旅游的官方界定标准,结合对明清时期云南旅游发展状况的史料进行了分类和梳理,发现明清时期云南的旅游是以实用性、功利性为主,但已出现休闲性旅游;当时的旅游者主体分布于社会阶层的两端,并对云南的社会文化产生了深远的影响。     

基于利益主体理论的苏南五市旅游合作系统研究

区域旅游合作是发展旅游业的重要手段,旅游合作发展涉及到多方面利益,如何协调各方的利益,让合作各方都能主动参与和有效配合,确保区域旅游合作的有效性和稳定性,仍是亟待解决的难题。本文从利益主体理论出发对苏南五市区域旅游合作系统进行了研究,提出了该系统简化为地方政府、旅游产业部门、非营利组织和个人等4个子系统,每个子系统都包括若干个具体利益主体,分析了每个子系统中的利益主体不同的关注点;最后就加强苏南区域旅游合作提出了相关的政策建议。     

Effects of perceived constraints and negotiation on learned helplessness: A study of Chinese senior outbound tourists

Learned helplessness is an important psychological construct that may influence senior tourists' subjective wellbeing while travelling. Employing a mixed-method approach and a multi-sample design, this study examines how Chinese senior outbound tourists’ perceived travel constraints and negotiation efforts affect learned helplessness in outbound travel. We identified four perceived constraints (perceived incapability, lack of suitable travel agencies and services, lack of information and personal support, and complex travel decision-making) and three negotiation strategies (seeking family support, physical/health preparation, and learning). Multiple regression analyses showed that among the four perceived constraints, only perceived incapability increased learned helplessness significantly; conversely, negotiation in general reduced learned helplessness. However, not as expected, negotiation was not founded to be a moderator between perceived constraints and learned helplessness. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.     

境外残障旅游与无障碍旅游研究进展与启示

文章围绕残障与旅游、残障旅游市场需求、残障旅游市场供给和无障碍旅游4大研究主题8个研究细类,梳理残障旅游境外研究状况。境外研究总体态势是以残障群体旅游需求为研究重点,围绕残障群体的旅游特点、动机、需求、偏好、决策、体验和出行障碍作诸多有益探索;同时基于残障群体的旅游需求特性,从旅行社、航空运输、住宿、景区4大旅游产业角度,针对性研究解决残障人群出行和旅游参与障碍、提供合理旅游产品和服务的思路和方法。文章最后评述了境外研究的思路、方法与不足,并从研究方法、研究团队构成和近期可以开展的研究领域对国内学者提出建议。