向现场管理要效益

指出某些企业在企业管理过程中,没有正确处理好市场和现场管理两者之间的关系,存在重视抓市场,忽视抓现场管理的倾向.讨论了市场经济条件下现场管理的地位和作用,指出加强企业现场管理,是企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地的基础,是企业挖潜增效的有效途径.     

International Competitiveness: A Case Study of American,Swedish, and Ukrainian Forest Industries

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this article are to assess changes in the international competitiveness of the forest products industries in three countries (Sweden, the US, and Ukraine) during the years preceding, during, and after the recent economic crisis. To deepen the exploration of the three countries’ competitiveness, we propose a Cross-Country Relative Competitiveness Index. The results show that comprehensive measurement of comparative and competitive advantages is essential for determining why a given industry in a given country is doing well or badly. They also provide broad background information for subsequent, more detailed explorations of important changes and trends.     

北京市对外贸易发展趋势及预测——基于灰色系统理论

对北京市对外贸易的变化规律及其发展趋势进行分析研究，利用灰色系统理论预测模型，选取2001～2012年间北京市进出口总额数据，对北京市2013～2015年的进出口规模进行了预测。预测结果表明北京市2013～2015年的进出口贸易总额仍将持续增加，对外贸易逆差也持续增加。     

Effects of Transport Regulation on the Oil Market: Does Market Power Matter?

Instruments used to regulate the consumption of oil in the transport sector include fuel taxes, biofuel requirements, and fuel‐efficiency standards. However, the effects that these have on oil consumption and price vary. If market power is present in the oil market, the directions of change in consumption and price might contrast with those in a competitive market. As a result, the market structure affects not only the effectiveness of the policy instruments used to reduce oil consumption, but also the terms of trade and carbon leakage. In particular, reduced oil consumption, as a result of increased fuel‐efficiency standards, will unambiguously increase the price of oil under a monopoly.     

NAFTA as a Means of Raising Rivals' Costs

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to reduce tariff rates between Mexico, Canada and the U.S.A. over a period of ten years. However, lower tariff rates are only available to firms that comply with complicated and costly NAFTA filing regulations. Such regulations raise costs of small firms relative to large firms in a domestic industry which engages in trade between NAFTA countries. This implication of NAFTA regulations can lead to increased concentration in domestic industries, an hypothesis which can be tested as the transition period comes to an end. Finally, our model suggests an explanation for why the levels of trade from the U.S.A. to Mexico have been lower than general expectations.     

Trade liberalization in services: Investor responses to NAFTA’s cross-border trucking provisions

ABSTRACT

We investigate the response of US trucking firms to the removal of barriers to cross-border trucking under NAFTA. This was done via a program implemented in 2007, cancelled in 2009, and reinstated in 2011. We use a model of endogenous exporting to show that this can arise from incorrect expectations of import competition. We find that, unsurprisingly, the program’s start resulted in lower stock returns, particularly for border firms. However, later policy changes indicate that investors, and particularly those investing in US multinationals, viewed the pilot as beneficial.     

Limit order books and trade informativeness

In the microstructure literature, information asymmetry is an important determinant of market liquidity. The classic setting is that uninformed dedicated liquidity suppliers charge price concessions when incoming market orders are likely to be informationally motivated. In limit order book (LOB) markets, however, this relationship is less clear, as market participants can switch roles, and freely choose to immediately demand or patiently supply liquidity by submitting either market or limit orders. We study the importance of information asymmetry in LOBs based on a recent sample of 30 German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX) stocks. We find that Hasbrouck's (1991) measure of trade informativeness Granger causes book liquidity, in particular that required to fill large market orders. Picking-off risk due to public news-induced volatility is more important for top-of-the book liquidity supply. In our multivariate analysis, we control for volatility, trading volume, trading intensity and order imbalance to isolate the effect of trade informativeness on book liquidity.     

中国反垄断的政治经济学解读

大企业通常会利用市场支配力获得转移收益，这会扭曲合理的财富分配进而抑制整个社会的价值创造，因而应该受到反垄断行为审查。同时，经济全球化使得大企业依仗其市场支配力获得的转移收益不再局限于国内，利益受损者可能是他国民众，因而世界各国的反垄断行为呈现出明显的倾向性。事实上，尽管那些知名外资大企业凭借其规模经济为中国社会提供了物美价廉的产品和服务，提高了国人的消费剩余和经济福利，但也因独占市场而挤压了国内相关企业和产业的发展空间，造成长远的国家福利损失，因而当前中国政府的反垄断调查集中在具有市场支配力的大型外资企业上。