Digital Platforms and the Nature of the Firm

Abstract:

Digital platforms turn traditional approaches of the firm, which relied on the wage relation to explain the major difference between firm and market, upside down and underline the advantages of coordination through organization over coordination through market. This study aims to propose a definition of the firm able to integrate, besides the integrated firm, also hybrid forms such as networks of subcontractor/subcontracting firms as well as atypical forms such as digital platforms. By reactivating the firm-boundary problem, this article suggests putting valorization by labor at the heart of the firm’s decisions concerning integration. It suggests therefore a general definition of the firm as a techno-institutional center of capital valorization, provided that firms make profits by means of the appropriation of labor incorporated into their (productive, structural, intellectual) capital through institutional arrangements. By stressing the relation of production between the owners of the means of production and the direct producers, the approach of the firm supported here should allow to cover the different existing models of the firm, from the classical firm to hybrid models, around which the boundary debate has revolved, to digital platforms.     

Are Social Costs the Outcome of Struggles over Truth?

Abstract:

This article critically examines the institutional economics theory of social costs by way of reviewing The Dark Places of Business Enterprise: Reinstating Social Costs in Institutional-Economics (2019). In particular, the article assesses the proposal to re-root institutional economics in the theoretical synthesis of “Veblen-Kapp-Mirowski” to better understand the social costs of neoliberalism. One of the findings is that while such a synthesis seems justified on the grounds of significant commonalities and the merits of deeper insights, it nevertheless runs into difficulties due to divergent philosophical foundations. One of the conclusions is that further philosophic clarification is needed on how an alternative economy would understand the relationship between “social costs” and Truth.     

房价上涨如何影响了工业产出

为探究房价上涨对工业生产的作用机制,首先基于理论视角对房价如何影响房地产投资、劳动力成本进而影响工业产出进行了论证,基于2003年~2017年全国时间序列数据,构建VAR模型实证检验了房价上涨对工业产出的影响机理。结果表明:房价上涨对工业产出具有"先促进,后抑制"的作用;房价上涨,一方面通过促进房地产投资增长抑制工业产出,另一方面通过提高工业企业劳动力成本抑制工业产出;短期内工业产出对房价的冲击响应较为灵敏且强烈,但长期来看房地产投资、劳动力成本的影响力会逐渐显现,且房地产投资最终成为了解释工业产出的主导因素。     

关于建立融券卖空机制对股市影响的分析

通过对股价涨跌、波动幅度和成交量的对比分析,可以发现融券卖空机制的引入有利于完善证券市场的价格发现机制,增强证券公司的盈利能力,丰富投资者的投资选择。在进一步增强证券的可融性,降低中国股市的系统性风险和控制监管漏洞与异常交易的基础上,中国股市建立融券卖空机制的现实条件已基本具备。     

授之以鱼,还是授之以渔?——区域经济平衡政策的比较研究

以平衡地区差距为落脚点的公共财政有两个主要的支出途径:直接补贴落后地区或改善地区间的交易条件.通过新经济地理(NEG)模型比较这两个途径在维持一定的集聚水平和增长率基础上缩小地区差距的不同经济效应,分析说明单纯的转移支付不是缩小地区差距的长久之计,而以基础设施为切入点的交易效率增进政策,能够在缩小地区差距的同时发挥集聚经济的优势,提升总体的经济增长率.     

企业集团内关联方交易价格的确定

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,许多企业通过收购、兼并、参股、控股、重组等形式成长为企业集团,快速扩展其经营规模和经营领域,提高抗御风险的能力。集团内企业如何合理处理相互间的经济业务,在获取集团整体利益的同时,保证从属企业在经济上的独立性,价格上的公平性。内部交易的价格是否公平合理成了当前集团企业、税务部门、审计部门关注的焦点问题之一。     

调控发展代价是贯彻落实科学发展观的内在要求

科学发展观对我国改革开放和当代世界的发展代价进行了深刻反思,反映了当代最新的发展理念,是与时俱进的发展观,具有鲜明的代价意识;调控发展代价内在于科学发展观的基本要求之中;坚持以人为本、全面协调的可持续发展,坚持统筹兼顾,其要义之一就是要降低发展成本,减少发展代价,实现经济社会又好又快的发展。     

考虑固定成本的横向兼并模型的分析

从世界各国企业的发展史来看,企业兼并是企业成长的主要方式,它是企业竞争的重要手段之一,对社会生活将产生重大的经济和社会效益.然而企业兼并的选择是收益与各种风险和成本综合因素博弈的结果.在兼并过程中,诸如人的因素、制度的因素、文化的因素、产业的进入障碍等不确定性因素都有可能导致兼并过程成本的不可控,从而加大兼并的风险.从兼并策略实施结果看,企业的兼并选择具有相当程度的不确定性.通过增加考虑固定成本扩展Salant-Switzer-Reynolds模型,可解决兼并动机问题.这不仅能让参与企业有利可图,同时又能提高整体社会福利企业兼并的条件.     

出口商信用证风险影响因素分析—基于交易费用理论

本文从交易费用理论角度对信用证风险的影响因素进行了分析,认为买卖双方的信息不对称和信用证本身的制度缺陷引起的机会主义行为是引起风险的因素,提出了出口商可以通过事前防范和事后救济手段来降低交易费用.     

面向企业人员数量与结构规划的工作量估算研究

有效控制企业人工成本,能够极大地促进企业市场目标的实现。人工成本控制需要对企业人力资源的数量与结构进行合理规划。科学合理的工作量估算是人力资源数量与结构规划的前提。文章讨论了一种针对企业技术研发和职能管理人员的工作量估算方法,该方法可制订精确到月份的企业人员需求与配置计划,可以大大提高企业员工使用效率,从而提升企业人工成本的投资回报率。