Policing Transnational Commerce: Global Awareness in the Margins of Morality

Transnationals operate in what may be called the margins of morality because the historical, cultural, and governmental mores of the world's nation-states are not uniform. There is a gray area of ethical judgment where the standards of the transnational's home country differ substantially from those of the host country. Following the argument of institutional theory in providing stability and meaning to social behavior, in matters of moral conduct the transnational is likely to yield to at least four policing authorities: (1) itself, in terms of the integrity of its management and by decision-making that follows its own code of ethics, (2) other corporations within its competitive set, (3) governmental agencies including those of the host country, and (4) public exposure, which includes the media as well as non-governmental agencies such as offshore watchdog groups. The fourth mechanism, public exposure, is thought to be the most effective in policing transnational conduct.     

论旅游企业跨国经营的形式与特征

本文在对旅游企业跨国经营方面的研究进行综述的基础上,论述了旅游企业跨国经营从初级到高级的7种表现形式和旅游企业的跨国经营所表现出来的4个特征,试图弥补旅游研究中关于这一领域的空白,并为有关旅游企业跨国经营问题的更加深入的研究提供理论依据.     

Improving mail survey responses from industrial organizations

A considerable amount of evidence has shown that some of the techniques that enhance response in mail surveys of industrial respondents differ from those that increase response rates in mail surveys of the general public. In this article a number of suggestions are offered for obtaining, on a consistent basis, a 50% to 70% response within two to five weeks in mail surveys of industrial respondents.     

Durable Goods and Switching Costs

A simple two–period switching cost model is developed and analyzed assuming durable output. The analysis indicates that many of the conventional managerial implications of the switching cost literature need not hold if products are durable. In particular, the model indicates that managers of durable goods firms that lease or rent output may wish to decrease their customer base (provide service to only a subset of the experienced customers) in future periods, in contrast to the non–durable goods case where the number of customers served is the same. Moreover, the model shows that the optimal behavior of sellers of durable products depends critically upon their commitment ability with buyers, and outlines the conditions under which a manager selling output may rationally expand their customer base (i.e. sell to new customers in a future period).     

The Determinants of New Firm Formation in UK Construction: Evidence from Quarterly VAT Registrations

This paper examines the ways in which industry-specific and macro-economic factors combine to lead to variations over time in the rate of new firm formation in the UK construction industry. The paper corroborates findings from elsewhere which suggest that housing wealth may be an important source of collateral for individuals seeking to raise the finance necessary to start up in business. The analysis of industry-specific influences supports the hypothesis that formation activity in construction is responsive to variations in the relative returns to entrepreneurship     

跨国公司投资中国精细化工业

本文分析了跨国公司投资中国精细化工特点以及投资领域现状和趋势，包括精细化工原料和中间体、催化剂、油品添加剂、塑料助剂、橡胶助剂、饲料添加剂、食品添加剂、发泡剂和制冷剂、电子化学品、涂料、胶粘剂、硅酮、水处理化学品等。     

论现代化工企业的跨国经营

介绍了跨国经营的兴起和发展，论述了我国化工领域应充分认识到开展跨国经营的重要性和必要性，提出了我国企业开展跨国经营的战略与措施。     

Legitimacy‐as‐Feeling: How Affect Leads to Vertical Legitimacy Spillovers in Transnational Governance

Transnational governance schemes (TGSs) are interorganizational networks of public and/or private actors that jointly regulate global public policy issues, such as the prevention of human rights violations and the protection of ecosystems. Considering that TGSs mainly address issues of public concern, the general public represents a major source of legitimacy in transnational governance. We theorize how members of the general public, whom we conceptualize as intuiters, apply heuristics to bestow legitimacy on TGSs. Given the difficulty of assessing TGSs, we argue that intuiters draw on affect‐based responses towards a TGS's better‐known network affiliates, such as participating business firms, to judge the legitimacy of the TGS as a whole. This substitution produces a ‘vertical’ legitimacy spillover. More specifically, we examine the heuristic process of judgment underlying vertical spillovers in TGSs and derive implications for the legitimacy construct and the analysis of spillover phenomena.     

Transnational ties and performance of immigrant entrepreneurs: the role of home-country conditions

This study contributes to the recent empirical literature on the performance of transnational immigrants' firms by investigating the effect of transnational ties on the firm's growth. In addition to the effect of the ties, the paper shows that home country's institutional and socio-economic characteristics and country-specific entrepreneurial factors have a crucial role in shaping the ties–performance relationship. The evidence from a sample of immigrant-owned firms in the Italian information and communications technology (ICT) sector in the period 2000–2010 confirmed the relevance of the proposed model and helped in understanding a potential channel of improvements in immigrant firms' performance through transnational ties. Our results show the limited relevance of a direct, or linear, impact of ties on the growth of sales in immigrant-run firms in the ICT sector, but support the crucial moderating role of home-country characteristics on the ties–performance relationship.     

中国企业跨国并购过程中人力资源的整合研究

在世界经济全球化背景下,中国企业跨国并购也呈逐年增长趋势。但是,很多跨国并购的企业最后都以失败告终,究其深层次的原因都与并购过程中人力资源整合不成功有关。文章从企业跨国并购人力资源整合的内涵出发,分析企业在进行跨国并购过程中存在的各种问题,并提出通过对不同国家的企业文化进行融合、核心员工的保留以及重构员工心理契约等有利于企业跨国并购中人力资源整合的对策。