A theoretical framework of electronic word-of-mouth against the backdrop of social networking websites

This study proposed and tested a theoretical framework that explains electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) against the backdrop of social networking websites (SNWs), which have gained substantial popularity among travelers. In particular, a United States (US) nationwide online survey was conducted and nine hypotheses were tested. The findings suggest that willingness to share knowledge and switching costs are positively related to eWOM communication. In addition, customer value (utilitarian) has positive relationships with willingness to share knowledge, perceived security, and switching cost, while customer value (hedonic) has positive relationships with willingness to share knowledge and switching costs. Last but not least, the findings indicate that perceived security does negatively impact eWOM. In light of the major findings, the article sets forth strategic implications for travel-related social networking websites.     

To go or not to go: travel constraints and attractiveness of travel affecting outbound Chinese tourists to Japan

The fast growth of the Chinese economy has transformed Chinese outbound tourism into one of the major players in the tourism industry worldwide. However, Chinese outbound tourists may still encounter travel constraints in some countries, such as Japan, which has had a close and complicated relationship in history with China. This study adopted the qualitative approach by applying focus group and in-depth interviews to investigate and triangulate the travel barriers affecting Chinese outbound travel to Japan. The findings indicated that domestic nationalist sentiment played a key constraining role in influencing Chinese outbound travel decision-making, followed by current political factors, while quality products and service, as well as social environment encouraged tourists to travel. This research also found that visitors and non-visitors have perception differences in terms of travel barriers and attractiveness of travel.     

Gap year volunteer tourism: Myths of Global Citizenship?

The valorisation of cross-cultural understanding and promotion of an ethic of global citizenship are at the forefront of the recent development and proliferation of international ‘gap year’ travel programs and policies. Governments and industry alike promote gap year travel uncritically as a guaranteed pathway to the development of inclusive ideologies associated with global citizenship. In this paper we examine how the neoliberalist context in which gap year travel programs have proliferated does little to promote tolerance. We then consider the recent growth of ‘volunteer tourism’ as an alternative gap year youth travel experience and explore how the implied resistance to self-serving neoliberalist values that it engenders can become coopted by neoliberalism.     

互联网对旅游目的地分销渠道影响——黄山案例研究

互联网的发展与应用对旅游目的地分销渠道产生了显著影响,传统旅行社的分销渠道功能发生变化,一些新的分销渠道如黄山的自助游服务酒店开始出现。关于互联网是否导致旅游分销渠道的"去中介化"和"再中介化"的争论成为学术界讨论的热点。文章以黄山为案例,以历时态的视角动态分析了互联网对黄山旅游目的地分销渠道的影响。研究发现,互联网使旅游目的地分销渠道更加多元化、网络化,目的地旅游分销关系、功能与结构等方面也发生了相应的变化,旅游者的主导地位增强,旅游中介的垄断地位相对减弱,但目的地的分销渠道"去中介化"与"再中介化"并未清晰地形成。     

关于旅游合同示范文本的法律思考

旅游合同示范文本由旅游局和工商局联合制定推广,性质上属行政指导,具有效率、安全、优先及补充等法律价值,示范文本条款分四大功能模块,由通用条款和协议条款组成。目前示范文本是多级制定,种类单一,权威性不高,文章提出完善和丰富示范文本种类和内容、统一示范文本和示范文本备案豁免等建议,以提升旅行社使用示范文本的积极性,发挥示范文本的作用。     

基于委托代理模型的销售人员报酬激励机制分析

以委托代理理论为基础,建立了销售人员激励的委托代理模型,通过推导,得出销售人员努力程度可以观测和不可观测下的最优激励合同,分析了销售人员激励程度的影响因素,具体探讨了企业外部环境不确定性、企业的销售管理水平和品牌影响力、销售人员的经验、能力和风险规避程度等因素对销售人员报酬激励机制设计的影响.     

政府监管对共享单车发展的影响——基于出行大数据的挖掘与分析

共享单车作为一种环保便捷的智能交通工具,由于过量投放、无序占道和运维错配等突出问题,严重影响公共秩序,政府监管势在必行。然而,政府严格监管对共享单车发展有何影响,一直在理论研究和社会实践中存在诸多争议。基于此,通过对成都中心区摩拜单车用户出行数据进行挖掘和分析,从政府、出行者和运营商视角,评估现行政府监管实施效果。研究表明,政府监管后,尽管出行意愿受到一定程度抑制,运维难度加大,但共享单车的公共属性得以强化,共享单车行业竞争格局得以调整,将有利于共享单车发展潜力的释放。     

Optimal distribution of the injured in a multi-type transportation network with damage-dependent travel times: Two metaheuristic approaches

We study a location-allocation-routing problem for distribution of the injured in a disaster response scenario, considering a three-type transportation network with separate links. A circle-based approach to estimate the impacts of the disaster is presented. After formulating relations for computing the percentage of the injured, the destruction percentage and the damage-dependent travel times, the problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear program. We utilize a genetic algorithm and a discrete version of the imperialist competitive algorithm for solving large problems. An empirical study focused on earthquakes in Tabriz, Iran, illustrates applicability of the proposed model and performance of the proposed algorithms.     

"众乐乐":旅游虚拟社区"结伴旅行"之质性研究

以往对互联网与旅游相结合的研究多集中在旅游信息交换方面,本文将探讨在互联网平台上寻找"游伴"的现象.采用扎根理论(grounded theory),文章搜集和分析了一个"讨论串"和12个半结构式访谈.研究发现,虚拟社区结伴旅行是互联网普及和自助精神共同作用下产生的一种自助旅行方式.旅游者通过控制旅伴的数量和质量,规定旅伴间的权责关系,力图在孤独的背包客和团队旅游中找寻一条中间道路,以"小圈子"把这条中间道路确定和保持下来,他们的旅游体验最终结合团队旅游和背包客的优点,实现了优化.文章最后讨论了研究限制和未来研究方向.     

关于旅游供应链研究中几个问题的思考——兼与路科同志商榷

旅游供应链的研究在国内是一个较新的领域和课题,诸多学者在这方面已经作了许多积极和有意义的研究,本文试对当前旅游供应链研究中的供应链模式、旅行社在供应链上的定位等问题作初步探讨,同时就有关问题与路科同志商榷.