从社会保障角度研究人工成本与企业成本竞争力的关系

人工成本低廉一直是我国企业重要竞争优势所在。但是,随着经济的发展和工资水平的逐渐提高,以及我国社会保障制度的日益健全,国际经济体系中企业责任要求日益完备,企业继续采取低工资、低成本进行国际竞争的空间越来越小。基于此,对我国目前的人工成本状况进行分析,从社会保障的角度提出相关对策,对于维持和提高我国企业成本竞争力,促进国民经济发展,构建和谐社会具有重要的现实意义。本文的目的就在于对这个问题进行一些初步的探讨。     

刍议完善我国粮食安全预警机制的三个核心问题

我国的粮食安全预警机制的完善涉及到三个核心问题。一是有关粮食安全预警的组织机构问题。缺乏一个权责明确的预警机构,粮食安全预警机制作用就难以发挥。二是有关粮食安全预警的信息采集问题。粮食安全的信息量十分巨大,其撷取的方法是否精准及衡量粮食安全的指标体系的选择是否得当,直接关系到粮食安全预警的效用与价值。三是如何将粮食安全预警的信息传递给有关职能部门的问题,这需要构建一套规范的运作程序。     

我国能源安全的影响因素及预警系统分析

能源安全问题已经成为制约我国经济持续、健康、稳定发展的瓶颈,并且其影响正日益经延伸到社会生活的各个领域,因此,建立一套科学、完善的能源安全预警体系已迫在眉睫;在分析影响我国能源安全的因素基础上,从能源供需、能源价格以及能源使用安全三个角度构建出我国能源安全预警体系。     

Proposal and validation of a financial protection perception scale

This article proposes and validates a financial protection perception scale (FPPS) from the perspective of the financial services consumer. The scale was applied to a sample of 1137 individuals residing in Brazil and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and standard multivariate validation methods. The FPPS, composed of 14 items, allows the development of an indicator that defines the level of protection perceived by the consumer of financial services, evaluated along the dimensions of transparency, suitability, security, and complaints. The tests and fit indices indicated the reliability and validity of the FPPS. With this scale, researchers, managers, and policymakers can assess the extent to which consumers feel protected when using financial services.     

What do we know about consumers' ontological security in disaster scenarios?

While prior consumer studies have adopted various theoretical perspectives to explain individuals' reactions to disasters, scant attention has been paid to the role of ontological security in shaping those responses. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by qualitatively exploring ontological security in two contexts: man-made and natural disasters. To this end, we conducted 35 focus groups in the UK, Germany, and France to address how people reacted to terrorist attacks and the COVID-19 pandemic respectively. Through thematic analysis, three themes emerged: fear versus anxiety, oneself versus others, and materialistic versus experiential purchases. Man-made disasters appear to elicit fear, concern for self, and a preference for materialistic purchases, whereas natural disasters seem to trigger anxiety, concern for others, and a preference for experiential purchases. Both types of disasters seem to evoke a desire to escape from reality. In closing, we discuss both transitory and prolonged threats to ontological security and how they shape individuals' behaviours while restoring their security.     

Health shocks and mortgage debt payoff among American homeowners over age 50: A survival analysis

Mortgage debt is financially burdensome for many older homeowners in the United States. As people age, declining health can bring about increased healthcare costs. Focusing on homeowners aged 50 and older in the U.S., we investigate two research questions: (1) To what extent does a heath shock affect the likelihood of paying off a mortgage voluntarily or involuntarily? and (2) how long does a health shock delay the time it takes to pay off a mortgage? We used eight biannual waves (2004–2018) of the Health and Retirement Study containing 11,772 borrowers to build survival regression models. Results showed that a health shock reduced the likelihood of voluntary payoff by 12%, while it increased the probability of involuntary payoff by 18%. A health shock delayed voluntary and involuntary payoffs for 30 and 21 months, respectively. We discuss tax deduction and HELOCs as strategies to reduce older homeowners' mortgage strain.     

中美贸易摩擦下我国农业产业安全深层次困境及破解思路

2018年3月以来,中美贸易摩擦不断升级。面对美方贸易制裁,我国采取了包括对大豆等农产品加征关税的反制措施,却也暴露了农业产业安全面临的深层次困境：一是我国作为最大农产品进口国具有“大国效应”和贸易依赖,陷入了“贸易困境”;二是我国农产品价格与国际农产品价格“倒挂”,形成了“价格困境”;三是我国农业补贴政策受内外条件制约而面临着“补贴困境”;四是在经济全球化趋势下我国农业产业该如何与国际市场接轨的“全球化困境”。美国贸易保护主义行径不应动摇我国捍卫经济全球化的决心,未来我国农业产业只能是更深度参与农业资源全球配置。基于此,我们提出“口粮自给,休养生息,因粮于敌,大权在握”的十六字破解方针,即将国内有限农业资源集中于口粮生产、建立和完善休耕制度、发展海外屯田、着重培育本国农业综合企业和建立具有国际影响力的农产品交易中心。     

大学生医疗保障制度创新研究——基于厦门大学的实证调查

大学生的医疗保障问题日益突出。目前针对大学生医疗保障改革的基本思路还不明朗,具体的方案也仅在个别地区试行,并且没有形成较为统一的政策。结合厦门大学的调研资料,分析了目前大学生公费医疗的现状,提出建制理念,旨在建立一种能够有效保障大学生切身利益的医疗保障制度。     

电子政务建设策略

电子政务是借助电子信息技术进行的政务活动,政府机构运用现代计算机和通信网络技术,将政府内部和外部的管理和服务职能通过整合、重组、优化,打破时间、空间以及部门分隔的制约,为社会公众以及政府自身提供一体化的、高效的、优质的管理和服务。电子政务正成为我国信息化建设的新热点,在热潮中,我们更应认真思考电子政务的建设策略,防止决策失误。     

中国农产品进出口与农业产业安全预警分析

农业产业安全是指农业的生存与发展不受到外来势力根本威胁的状态.本文采用农业产业安全评价指标体系与预警界限对农业产业安全进行预警分析,在预测中国农产品进出口额及粮食供需状况的基础上,对本世纪初中国农业产业安全度的情况进行了估算.