Stated Preferences, Real Behaviour and Anchoring: Some Empirical Evidence

We compare different contingent valuation question formats with each other and with observed behaviour for a non-monetary estimation task, the expected number of kilometers travelled by automobile. Open-ended questions, open-ended follow-up questions, dichotomous choice (DC) questions, and double-bound DC questions are included. The single and double-bound DC questions result in an estimated mean about twice as high as the actual value and the open-ended mean. The DC question overestimation seems to be due to an anchoring effect leading to yea-saying behaviour. Our results about the difference between DC questions and open-ended questions is consistent with the pattern observed in contingent valuations studies of the willingness to pay. Our results indicates that DC questions seem to be associated with a general overestimation problem that is present even for simple non-monetary estimation tasks.     

品牌强度的影响因素分析及评估方法研究

本文通过分析世界著名品牌价值评估方法，并结合我国品牌管理及评估行业的现状和特点，对品牌价值评估中所涉及到的品牌强度进行了研究，分析了品牌强度的影响因素，并在此基础上应用主成分分析法对品牌强度进行了度量，旨在为实践领域提供可操作性的评估方法。     

条件价值评价法在旅游资源价值评价中的应用

随着我国旅游业的不断发展及各类旅游资源经营管理模式的多样化发展,人们对于旅游资源价值的认识也不断提升.旅游资源的价值包含使用价值和非使用价值.对于使用价值可以有几种方法较精确的确定其价值,而非使用价值公认的标准方法就是条件价值评价法(CVM)[1].本文介绍了条件价值评价法及其发展,重点归纳了影响其结果有效性和可靠性的可能因素.在此基础上,结合自身研究,对运用条件价值评价法评价旅游资源经济价值实践应用中如何提高其有效性作了论述.     

企业家价值计量方法探讨

人力资源价值计量是阻碍入力资源会计发展的关键之一，尽管人力资源价值计量模型已获得不少突破，但是仍旧未得到理论和实务界的共同认可。应该从人员的层次来寻找合适的计量模式。就最稀缺的生产要素——企业家价值计量模型提出一点自己的看法。     

进口货物特许权使用费海关估价之完善路径分析

在经济全球化背景下,涉及知识产权的贸易越来越普遍,而现代国际贸易的特点之一,就是进口货物的商标权、专利权等无形的特许权伴随着有形货物的转移,因此,目前进口货物的特许权使用费成为中国海关估价难点之一.文章在综述我国现行特许权使用费海关估价规则的基础上,针对我国进口货物特许权使用费海关估价所面临的问题,着重就如何进一步完善进口货物特许权使用费海关估价,从海关估价技术、估价法规、估价制度、外部环境等四条路径进行了具体分析,并提出了相关建议.     

Measuring benefits from spatially-explicit surface water quality improvements: The roles of distance,scope, scale,and size

Programs to improve water quality do not improve all water bodies equally. Evaluation of the benefits of such programs must account for where improvements occur and the relative magnitude of improvements that occur in different places. This study uses a choice experiment survey to explore how the value to a household of a surface water quality improvement varies as a function of (i) the distance between the household and the affected streams and rivers, (ii) the degree to which the quality of the water has been improved, (iii) how many stream and river miles have been improved, and (iv) the sizes of the affected streams and rivers. Results show evidence that value declines with distance in an approximately linear way, weak evidence that large rivers are worth more than small rivers, and no evidence that willingness-to-pay is nonlinear in either the degree of water quality improvement or the number of stream miles improved. These results indicate that it may be defensible in applied work to value small, spatially-explicit water quality improvement projects independently and then sum over projects.     

The transmission of partner mental health to individual life satisfaction: Estimates from a longitudinal household survey

This paper investigates the relationship between partner's mental health and individual life satisfaction, using panel data and calculating the monetary valuation of mental illness. Accounting for measurement error and endogeneity of income, partners' mental health has a significant association with individual well-being. The additional income needed to compensate someone living with a partner with a mental condition is substantial (ranges between USD 33,000 and USD 50,000). Further, individuals do not show adaptation to partners' mental illness. The results have implications for policy-makers wishing to value the effects of policies that aim to impact on mental health and levels of well-being.     

Growth and value hybrid valuation model based on mean reversion

This article proposes a novel valuation model, growth and value hybrid model, to estimate the stock price. This proposed model combines the essence of the asset-based approach, the income-based approach, and the principle of mean reversion to develop the theoretical closed-form formula consisting of three coefficients: value coefficient, value support coefficient and growth coefficient. Regression analysis is employed to fit market data to determine these coefficients. Moreover, this study proposes the double sorting method to build the quantile regression models of the formula to estimate the stock price at a specific quantile. The results show that the predictive capability of the hybrid valuation model is superior to the model without using value support coefficient, which supports the assumption that the PBR is not associated with the ROE when the ROE is less than a threshold. In different time periods of the stock market, no significant difference exists on the value support coefficient. However, the variations of the value coefficient and the growth coefficient are significant.     

The Effect of Protest Votes on the Estimates of WTP for Use Values of Recreational Sites

Contingent valuation studies are often characterized by a considerable number of protest responses, which may cause selectivity bias on the final estimates for WTP. Sample selection models can detect and – if necessary – correct selectivity bias. In economic applications where the relevant dependent variable is continuous, sample selection models are generally estimated using Heckman's 2-step method rather than the FIML estimator. Either method has its own drawback: computational complexity for the FIML method, susceptibility to collinearity problems for the 2-step method. Using data on valuation of forest resources for recreational use, we analyse the performance of the two estimators. In this application, given the presence of some collinearity, the FIML is preferred to the 2-step method. A procedure is outlined to deal with selectivity problems in similar settings.     

Do protest responses to a contingent valuation question and a choice experiment differ?

It is suggested that the number of protest responses in stated preference surveys depends, inter alia, on the valuation method used. Choice Experiments (CE) are said to generate a lower number of protest responses than Contingent Valuation (CV). However, no comparison of both methods with respect to protest responses has been conducted to date. We used both CE and CV in a survey on forest biodiversity in two German regions. Protest beliefs were measured for all respondents irrespective of whether they were willing to pay or not. The results show no clear pattern of differences between CE and CV regarding protest beliefs and protest responses. Using an attitude scale based on respondents’ protest beliefs, we see a significant negative effect of this attitude on willingness to pay in both methods. However, in one of the two study regions, the effect is weaker in CE than in CV.