试析语言与民族主义

民族主义问题是当今社会一个热点话题。在民族主义演进的历史过程中,语言起着关键的作用。它在民族主义的意识形态化过程中增强了这种神秘性,使得民族主义拥有巨大的魅力,并且吸引无数大众为之奋斗,甚至献出生命。语言因其特殊的文化象征作用在这一过程中成为民族主义者追求政治权利,表达政治诉求,乃至建构民族和国家的最好的工具。     

旋转机械振动与噪声检测技术

概述了机械振动测试与噪声检测技术的发展概况及其工程应用,然后以转子实验台和JCY机械传动性能综合实验台为测试对象,通过搭建测试系统并利用基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统,对各实验台的一些重要部位的振动与噪声进行了检测实验,并对所获取的数据进行了初步分析处理,从而为后续的进一步应用奠定了基础.     

我国电子票据法律问题研究

通过比较分析的方法明晰电子票据的内涵；指出我国现行电子票据立法存在核心立法缺失、相关立法缺位以及与现行法律存在冲突。为此，应当通过立法明确电子票据的适用范围、确定参与电子票据交易各方当事人的权利义务，并完善我国相关配套的法律制度。     

Administrative Costs and Instrument Choice for Stochastic Non-point Source Pollutants

This paper extends the empiricalanalysis of non-point source pollution to thecase where the pollutant is stochastic andalternative regulatory instruments havedifferent administrative costs. It also appliesa method of stochastic programming whereemissions are log-normally distributed. Forthe Kennet catchment in South West England werank a range of policies in terms of abatementcosts alone, and total costs (abatement andadministrative costs). On the basis ofabatement costs alone, a uniform emission taxis the cost minimising policy, but on the basisof total cost a nitrogen input tax is theleast-cost policy. Furthermore, the policyranking, based on total costs, changes as thereliability standard increases.     

Teaching ethics to marketing and logistics majors: A transformative learning experiment

Within the context of a transformative learning field experiment, the ethical ideologies of marketing majors, logistics majors, and nonbusiness majors were found to differ. Based on this finding, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect (if any) that ethics instruction has on marketing and logistics majors versus nonbusiness majors. Students' knowledge of basic ethical principles and their ability to assess the application of these principles to ethical dilemmas were tested with a new assessment instrument. The major findings suggest (a) transformative learning ethic exercises have pedagogical potential and (b) dissimilar ethical predispositions between marketing and logistics majors versus nonbusiness majors confirms the need for customizing ethics pedagogy by college major.     

我国货币政策的社会就业效应

货币政策工具无论是流通中现金量还是社会信贷余额都对社会就业具有积极的促进作用,而且这一作用具有较强的持续性.在经济增长带来的社会就业有限的前提下,政府可以考虑使用货币政策缓解日益严峻的就业形势.社会信贷余额的社会就业效应要大于流通中现金量,因此,当政府考虑使用货币政策来缓解社会就业时,相对于流通中现金量,可以优先考虑使用社会信贷余额这一货币政策工具.     

通过精细化质量管理 全面提升仪器专业化服务水平

精细化管理是企业竞争最重要的表现形式,是决定未来企业竞争成败的关键。提升精细化管理水平的最终目的是为了提升产品质量、增强企业的市场竞争力。因此,提高质量精细化管理水平,规范质量管理制度、细化质量控制流程是提升东方地球物理公司仪器专业化服务水平的必要手段。鉴于此,就如何通过质量精细化管理来提升服务水平进行了探讨。     

流量仪表的发展趋势探讨

流量仪表被广泛应用于生产、生活领域,而应用在工矿企业中的流量仪表则在这些企业的生产中有着举足轻重的地位.随着科学技术的发展,各式各样的仪表应运而生,并在不同的领域里发挥出积极的作用.     

Development and validation of a new instrument to evaluate the ease of use of patient-controlled analgesic modalities for postoperative patients

Abstract

Objective: To describe the development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire assessing the ease of use that patients associate with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) modalities.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with patients who had experience with intravenous (IV) PCA for postoperative pain management to generate items relevant to the ease of using PCA modalities. The content validity of the resulting questionnaire was examined through follow-up patient interviews, and an expert panel reviewed the questionnaire. Cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with patients to determine the clarity and content of the instructions, items, and response scales, and the ease of completing the instrument. Psychometric evaluation was performed with patients who had undergone surgery and received IV PCA for postoperative pain management. Item and scale quality and the internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated by examining the relationship between subscales of the questionnaire with patient-reported outcome measures. Known-groups validity was determined by assessing the instrument's ability to differentiate between patients with versus without an IV PCA problem. A potential limitation of this study was the exclusive sampling of patients who had experience with IV PCA.

Results: The Patient Ease-of-Care (EOC) Questionnaire included 23 items in the following subscales: Confidence with Device, Comfort with Device, Movement, Dosing Confidence, Pain Control, Knowledge/Understanding, and Satisfaction. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates were ≥0.66 for Overall EOC (includes all subscales except Satisfaction) and all EOC subscales. Construct validity was supported by the moderate relationship between the Pain Control subscale and measures of pain severity and pain interference; additional evidence of construct validity was provided by correlations of the Confidence with Device subscale, the Satisfaction subscale, and Overall EOC with measures of pain severity, pain interference, and satisfaction. Significant mean score differences were reported between participants with and without IV PCA problems for Overall EOC and for the Comfort with Device, Confidence with Device, Movement, Pain Control, and Satisfaction subscales indicating known-groups validity.

Conclusions: Results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the Patient EOC Questionnaire as a measure of the ease of use that patients associate with PCA systems and may be useful for evaluating emerging PCA modalities.