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21.
Robert A. Solo 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(3):733-742
During the 1990s, all of the European transition economies (TE) experienced a major recession and suffered from the explosion of income inequality. However, distribution of income between labor and capital differed greatly from one group of post-communist countries to another. The paper discusses and analyzes linkages between models of capitalism that emerged in former communist countries in the 1990s and the outcome of capitalist transition for labor in terms of income distribution and inequality. It is based on the estimates of the Marxian rate of exploitation and other indicators of labor income performance during the reform period. 相似文献
22.
公立医院推进绩效工资改革,面临认识不够、考核指标分层难等现实问题。可以从提高绩效考核、工资分配的重要性的认识,作好绩效工资的分层工作,突出重点科室、重点岗位同时兼顾公平的原则等方面入手进行完善。 相似文献
23.
《Review of Income and Wealth》2018,64(1):1-25
This paper presents a newly collected database on industry wages. The underlying data are micro datasets collected through nationally representative household surveys which are mostly conducted by national statistical agencies. In comparison with wage measures based on macroeconomic data sources, we find that industry wages based on micro survey data are more reliable. Furthermore, data from nationally representative micro surveys are becoming increasingly available, thus allowing for better coverage, especially of low‐income countries. The database provides a reliable source of data for research on inter‐industry wage structures and gender wage differentials, across countries and over time. It may also serve as a basis for further research on the determinants and implications of inter‐industry and gender wage variations. 相似文献
24.
本文通过劳工合约模型论证了员工工资与企业培训之间的交替关系,并分析了企业向接受培训继而跳槽的员工收取罚金对该交替关系的影响。在跳槽率作为外生变量时.若企业不向跳槽的员工收取罚金.签约员工通常乐于以较低的工资换取更多的技能培训。鉴于此,为使劳动力流动更有利于提高生产力和降低通货膨胀,政府应采取培训导向型的收入政策.或通过货币政策和财政政策的传导,鼓励企业和雇主增加培训支出并取消跳槽罚金。 相似文献
25.
Rapid economic growth and development often drives out traditional activities. We determine how increased trade, technology, and access to education in South Korea led to the collapse of its silk sector. Results show that although the imports of silk yarn and fabric reduced domestic silk output and prices, trade liberalization was not the sole contributor to the collapse. Inelastic labor demand for unskilled workers, skill‐biased technology, and especially increased access to education all led to a sharp rise in the relative wage of unskilled workers, and the ensuing rise in production costs contributed to the silk sector's collapse. 相似文献
26.
解决农民工工资拖欠问题的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文认为,近年来我国农民工工资拖欠问题日益严重,已成为影响劳动关系和谐发展乃至社会稳定的重要因素。当前解决农民工工资拖欠问题的模式主要有两大类,即行政机关采取行政手段的讨薪模式和劳动仲裁委员会及司法机关采取劳动仲裁和法律诉讼手段的讨薪模式,这些模式都存在一定的缺陷。考虑到工会在解决农民工工资拖欠问题方面的优势,应完成工会从行政化向市场化的转型,创新工会工作方式,赋予工会运用有利于开展工作的法律手段的权力,通过工会加强和提高农民工自身力量,从而形成解决农民工工资拖欠问题的长效机制。 相似文献
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Progress in narrowing black–white earnings differences has been far from continuous, with some of the apparent progress resulting from labor force withdrawal among lower‐skilled African Americans. This paper documents racial and ethnic differences in male earnings from 1950 through 2010 using data from the decennial census and American Community Surveys. Emphasis is given to annual rather than weekly or hourly earnings. We take a quantile approach, providing evidence on medians and other percentiles of the distribution. Treatment of imputed earnings greatly affects measured outcomes. Hispanic men have exhibited earnings growth similar to white men over several decades. Black men have been left behind economically due in large part to increased joblessness, a process exacerbated by weak labor market conditions. By 2010, joblessness had risen to over 40 percent and the median black–white earnings gap was the largest in at least 60 years. 相似文献
30.
Elumalai Kannan 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2015,15(2):201-219
India's agricultural sector is at a crossroads, facing challenges of stagnation in crop yields, non‐remunerative prices, falling crop incomes and tardy responses from public service systems. There are reports of peasant suicides due to non‐profitability of farming. However, scant empirical evidence is available on changes in real income and wages in the Indian agricultural sector. The present study uses data from the National Accounts Statistics and Cost of Cultivation Surveys to analyse the changes in real income and discusses the underlying reasons. The study reveals that the purchasing power of farmers has remained low and has worsened over recent years. The value of crop output has increased, but a disproportionate rise in input costs has resulted in a fall in crop incomes in several states, with the agriculturally developed Punjab being an exception. Interestingly, real wage rates for agricultural labour have shown an increasing trend, indicating improvement in the welfare of labour. 相似文献