Women's employment patterns during the U.S. inter-war period: A comparison of two states

Establishment data from New York and Ohio, two U.S. states representing mature versus dynamic industrial sectors, are used to decompose changes in women's employment during economic fluctuations in the 1920s and 1930s. By decomposing changes in women's employment, one can distinguish between changes which reflect the gender distribution of employment between various industry categories and changes which reflect employer decisions to mobilize specific groups of workers. The empirical findings suggest that during the inter-war period, economic restructuring in Ohio's mass-production industries resulted in substitution toward women workers. Nevertheless, in both states, working women's segmentation into industries which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment losses. The results suggest that patterns of gender segmentation which are ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social and cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring.     

企业转型升级影响女职委工作的思考

目前,企业在转型升级过程中采取＂抢抓机遇开拓市场,优化结构加快转型,强化管理增创效益＂等一系列措施,造成不少女职工转岗、待岗、内退,从而引发家庭矛盾。文章从法律角度探究女职工待岗、内退引发家庭矛盾的问题,并提出相应对策,值得转型企业深入思考。     

“Women Home and Away”: Transnational Managerial Work and Gender Relations

This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on 40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland, we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.

Revisiting Gender Role Stereotyping in the Sales Profession

This paper revisits the issue of gender stereotypes in sales professions given new views of what makes for effective sales performance and sales management. Women's continued disadvantaged position in the sales profession is documented, and the role of gender role stereotypes in sustaining this situation in the profession is examined. The paper then turns to the newly emerging, ostensibly "pro-female", view of sales. This emphasises the importance of building and sustaining relationships – qualities that women have traditionally been stereotyped as "good" at. Despite the positive emphasis accorded to women's skills in this new sales landscape, the ethical problems which arise from constructing this debate around the issue of gender are explored. In particular, the extent to which the view of women as "good at relationships" constitutes a stereotype is examined, and the value of this stereotype for redressing women's disadvantaged position from the perspectives of justice and utility is set out. In the final part of the paper we look at potential avenues for future theory and research which may help bring into focus a new view of gender role stereotypes in sales.     

构建和谐社会中女性人才资源的开发

构建和谐社会,是党和政府在把握我国经济社会发展新变化的基础上,为适应经济市场化、政治民主化和文化多样化而提出的新型社会治理模式。中国女性在构建和谐社会的特殊历史机遇中的特殊性别诉求,成为和谐社会发展的动力。女性人才资源的开发是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。     

从我国女性教育发展的历史沿革看现代女校建立的意义和女性教育特色

改革开放以来,我国涌现了不少女子院校,在办学过程中,各有其不同的办学特点。本文从女子教育的发展历程入手,对现代女子院校建立的意义和女性教育的特色问题,表述作者的思考。     

Contemporary Sports Marketing

Abstract

The term ?sports marketing“ developed in the United States as a way to analyze and implement strategies in which innovative as well as tried and true marketing techniques are used to financially support amateur and professional sports. With costs increasing, purveyors of ports must look for additional revenue beyond ticket sales and television fees. Corporations are searching for ways to increase the effective use of the advertising dollar. The partnership of the two parties has never been stronger than today, in the U.S. and abroad. In fact, sports collectively currently make up the 11th largest industry in the country. This article reviews the various aspects of the sports marketing mix including sponsorships, partnerships, the athlete, as well as the upcoming role of the web. The implications to corporations, the rising female athlete, and future challenges and opportunities are discussed     

《水浒传》妇女观的文化学诠释

《水浒传》体现了女人美丽必淫荡歹毒、巾帼英雄则丑陋粗鲁的偏见之论,并且否定婚姻自主,反对自由恋爱,主张女性具有依附人格,使妇女缺失了自我与平等意识。小说妇女观的形成有其文化学的原因,既与儒家文化息息相关,也是中国民间一个特殊阶层文化心理积淀的反映,同时,与新兴市民文化也有一定的关联。     

Women and Globalization: Ethical Dimensions of Knowledge Transfer in Global Organizations

The topic of women and globalization raises fundamental questions on the impact of globalization on women, ethnic minorities and other socio-demographically under-represented actors in global organizations. This article seeks to integrate theories of procedural justice, psychological contracts, motivation and psychological ownership in knowledge transfer in global organizations, and the implications for women, and other under-represented actors. Our analysis concurs with current research on the need for a relativist perspective in business ethics research and one that encompasses the critical processes of exchange from a cognitive perspective. Our contribution is to show that globalization is a complex process, that has different impacts on actors, an impact that can vary widely depending on, whether the actors are in a dominant situation, or as in the case of women and ethnic minorities, in a relatively socio-demographic and geo-politically under represented situation.