芦笋的综合加工利用

综述了芦笋的营养价值和生理功能,介绍了从植株废弃物中提取芦丁、多糖、菝葜皂甙元、种子油等活性物质的工艺;同时对芦笋种子的营养成分进行了分析评价.     

银耳多糖益生元效应的研究

银耳是一种非常重要的食用菌和药用真菌,具有非常多的药理作用.本研究通过体外实验研究了银耳多糖的益生元效应,研究结果表明,银耳多糖能够促进双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的生长,且成剂量关系;0.5％的银耳多糖对青春双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种、嗜酸乳杆菌及鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长促进效果最显著;同时可以通过降低pH,提高B/E值,增强肠道...     

毛竹水溶性多糖提取工艺的优化及结构表征

采用响应面法优化毛竹水溶性多糖的提取工艺,分析其成分,并进行结构表征.研究结果表明,优化的毛竹多糖(BSP)提取条件为:料液比1:27(g/mL)、提取温度78℃、提取时间4 h,该条件下BSP提取率为(5.18±0.07)％,提取物中多糖含量为(72.14±0.02)％,糖醛酸含量为(9.76±0.03)％;BSP具...     

A cost-effectiveness analysis of revaccination and catch-up strategies with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in older adults in Japan

Objective: In Japan, the National Immunization Program (NIP) includes PPV23 as the primary vaccination for adults and catch-up cohorts. The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases recommends revaccination for older adults who received primary vaccination ≥5 years earlier. The cost-effectiveness of adding revaccination and/or continuing catch-up vaccination in the NIP was evaluated from the public payer perspective in Japan.

Methods: The Markov model included five health states: no pneumococcal disease, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP), post-meningitis sequelae, and death. Cohorts of adults aged 65–95 were followed until age 100 or death: 2014 cohort (aged 65–95, vaccinated: 2014); 2019 cohort (aged 65: 2019); and 2019 catch-up cohort (aged 70–100: 2019, unvaccinated: 2014). Strategies included: (1) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts; (2) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts and revaccinate both; (3) strategy 1 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; (4) strategy 2 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; and (5) strategy 4 and revaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort. Parameters were retrieved from global and Japanese sources, costs and QALYs discounted at 2%, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) estimated.

Results: Strategy 1 had the highest number of IPD and NBPP cases, and strategy 5 the lowest. Strategies 3–5 dominated strategy 1 and strategy 2 was cost-effective compared to strategy 1 (ICER: ¥1,622,153 per QALY gained). At a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥5 million per QALY gained, strategy 2 was cost-effective and strategies 3–5 were cost-saving compared to strategy 1.

Conclusions: Strategies including revaccination, catch-up, or both were cost-effective or cost-saving in comparison to no revaccination and no catch-up. Results can inform future vaccine policies and programs in Japan.     

切片厚度和涂膜处理对苹果片干燥特性及品质的影响

本文研究了不同切片厚度以及涂膜处理的苹果片干燥特性及复水比。结果表明,当切片厚度增加时,干燥时间增长,干燥速率减小。相同厚度下,普鲁兰涂膜苹果片的干燥速率最小;在Midilli-Kucuk模型最佳处理条件下,普鲁兰多糖涂膜和普鲁兰多糖加抗坏血酸复合涂膜的苹果干片复水性能低。相比6 mm、9 mm的苹果片样品,使用复合涂膜液处理的3 mm的样品的品质指标最高。     

超声波-微波协同提取西瓜皮多糖及体外抗氧化活性研究

本文选用西瓜皮为原料,以西瓜皮多糖得率为评价指标,采用超声-微波协同法对西瓜皮多糖进行了研究。试验得到西瓜皮多糖提取的最佳工艺为料液比1∶50(g∶mL),温度80℃,功率250 W,时间400 s,提取溶剂pH=7,在此工艺条件下得到的西瓜皮多糖提取物为黄褐色粉末状,多糖得率达到13.10%,参照《枸杞多糖》的产品标准,符合质量标准要求。本研究得到的西瓜皮多糖提取物总抗氧化能力分别比常用的食品抗氧化剂维生素C和BHA高出了131%和23%。     

虫草多糖保健茶饮料的研制

以杭白菊为主要材料,配以北冬虫夏草菌丝体粗多糖保健成分,辅以柠檬、红枣、甘草和蜂蜜,并通过水浸提、膜过滤澄清、组分调配等工艺制备了纯天然的虫草多糖保健茶饮料.最终得到北虫草多糖保健茶饮料的最优配比为：虫草多糖溶液7.67 mL,杭白菊提取液25.00 mL,红枣提取液19.33 mL,蜂蜜汁17.00 mL,柠檬提取液12.00 mL,甘草提取液5.33 mL;其中虫草多糖的料水比为1∶100,杭白菊料水比为1∶50,红枣料水比为1∶100,蜂蜜料水比为1∶9,柠檬料水比为1∶125,甘草料水比为1∶100.该饮料最大程度地保留了北冬虫夏草和菊花茶的香味,口感细腻润滑、酸甜可口、品质俱佳、营养丰富,是一款上佳的新型保健茶饮料.     

不同品种百合及其内外鳞片多糖含量的分析

本文对4个品种、6个大型百合种植产区的百合和百合内外鳞片的多糖含量进行比较分析.结果表明,百合中多糖含量丰富,总量在8.72％～19.42％.不同品种的百合多糖含量存在差异.整体上,兰州百合多糖含量最高,卷丹百合和川百合次之,龙牙百合最低;同一品种,不同产地的百合多糖含量也存在差异,这可能与产地的气候条件、土壤类型和海...     

柚皮中多糖的提取及测定

多糖类物质是重要的生物活性物质,具有作为免疫促进剂,调节细胞的生长和衰老等生理功能。多糖类物质可广泛应用于医药、保健品及功能食品,作为绿色生物医药产品具有广阔的市场前景。柚皮中含有多种物质,除可以作为药物入药外,还具有较高的食用价值。本文对柚皮所含多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,实验中以多糖的分子结构和理化特性为基础,通过采取水提醇沉的方法提取柚皮中的多糖。     

食用菌多糖研究热点及发展趋势

天然绿色产品现已成为21世纪人类研究和开发的热点之一。食用菌多糖作为一类保健食品和药品的新资源,具有多方面生物活性功能,且品种丰富、来源广泛,也是食用菌深加工的高附加值产品,具有十分广阔的开发前景。简要介绍了食用菌多糖的种类和应用,综述了食用菌多糖提取、分离纯化的研究进展,并探讨了其目前的研究热点及发展趋势。