中部地区农村金融排斥的现状与对策研究

运用六维度分析方法描述我国中部地区农村金融排斥的具体状况,认为金融排斥会导致城乡二元化加剧,农村地区金融发展受限,社会排斥加深,严重阻碍社会主义新农村建设。这种状况源于金融机构自身商业性要求以及中部农村地区地理区位分布不利、经营效益较差等。今后应加大政府扶持力度,走有“农村特色”的信用体系建设,创新新型农村金融机构等,以缓解中部地区农村金融排斥状况。     

破解农村金融排斥问题的几大思路

广大农村当前受到严重的金融排斥,农民的金融需求普遍得不到满足,本文从农村金融排斥的角度提出破解的几大思路,目的在于解决我国"三农问题",促进城乡统筹发展。     

农村残疾人就业排斥及对策探讨——以广州市农村残疾人为例

在以人为本的和谐社会中,残疾人等弱势群体就业和需求满足问题日益成为政府和学界关注的公共议题,通过对广州市农村残疾人的抽样调查和访谈,发现农村残疾人存在就业率低、就业支持不足等就业问题,导致农村残疾人就业问题的本质原因是制度排斥、观念排斥和教育排斥。对此,文章提出促进残疾人的自我觉醒与发展、促进社会价值观和社会制度的革新等相关对策及建议。     

Who could benefit from a bus rapid transit system in cities from developing countries? A case study from Kampala,Uganda

The present rapid urban growth of cities from developing countries causes negative externalities such as lagging infrastructure development. In combination with rapidly rising motorized vehicle use this leads to severe traffic congestion affecting the mobility of the urban residents. Therefore many urban governments are planning to improve their transport and mobility situations with mass rapid transit systems of which a bus rapid transit (BRT) is a rather easy system to implement at reasonable costs. However, due to high urban inequalities the effects of urban traffic and potential improvements of the urban transport system for the diverse group of urban residents can differ significantly. In our case study Kampala (Uganda) four main groups were identified through cluster analysis of socio-economic and residential data gathered through interviews: extreme poor, poor, middle income and rich. Each group experiences a different mobility with the extreme poor being the most vulnerable group. The planned BRT system aims to decrease the average travel time but risks to exclude the lowest income class since not enough attention is paid to the affordability of the system to all residents. Therefore we argue for a policy that works from bottom up and pays attention to the internal diversity of the population.     

The Dynamics of Household Wealth Accumulation in Italy

We examine the dynamics of wealth accumulation distribution in Italy using data drawn from the Survey of Household Income and Wealth, a representative survey of the Italian population conducted by the Bank of Italy. We compare survey data with National Accounts data and discuss sample representativeness, attrition and measurement issues. We then look at wealth inequality (the cross‐sectional dispersion of wealth) and wealth mobility (individual transitions across the wealth distribution) and examine the age profile of wealth using repeated cross‐sectional data. Finally, we consider various explanations for the pattern of wealth accumulation in Italy, focusing on retirement, bequests, income risk, health shocks and credit market imperfections.     

精准扶贫目标下贫困农户增信路径探索——以保证保险贷款和联保贷款为例

贫困农户因缺乏可用于抵押担保的物权而难以进入金融市场,金融扶贫需要通过增信机制解决信贷配给问题。实践中的农户增信主要有两条路径：一是基于农村外部正式制度的增信,如农业保证保险贷款;二是基于农村内部非正式制度的增信,如农户联保贷款。农业保证保险贷款制度以“保险合同”为增信标识,是一种建立在法律合约基础上的经济性制度安排,其制度缺陷容易导致合作博弈低效和需求刺激不足;农户联保贷款以“共同还款责任”为担保约束,是一种以社会资本内生激励机制为核心的非经济制度安排,既有信用发现和监督惩罚的优势,又存在农户还款集体违约的风险。在精准扶贫目标下,湖南“瞄准”扶贫项目的农业保证保险贷款模式值得学习和借鉴,而农户联保贷款还需要更多的模式创新,如激励乡村精英与贫困农户组成联保小组等。