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1.
The hazard rate of investment is derived within a real‐option model, and its properties are analysed so as to directly study the relation between uncertainty and investment. Maximum likelihood estimates of the hazard are calculated using a sample of multinational enterprises (MNEs) that invested in Central and Eastern Europe over the period 1990–98. Employing a standard, non‐parametric specification of the hazard, our measure of uncertainty has a negative effect on investment, but the reduced‐form model is unable to control for nonlinearities in the relationship. The structural estimation of the option‐based hazard is instead able to account for the nonlinearities and exhibits a significant value of waiting, although the latter is independent of our measure of uncertainty. This finding supports the existence of alternative channels through which uncertainty can affect investment. 相似文献
2.
Cr3+-H3PO4光度法测定磷酸体系中的Cr3+ 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cr3 与H3PO4生成绿色配合物,其最大吸收峰在660nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.4×102L·mol-1·cm-1,Cr3 在0~0.5mg/30ml范围内符合比尔定律,用加入法直接测定磷酸体系中的Cr3 ,结果满意。 相似文献
3.
Interest rate corridors and reserves 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William Whitesell 《Journal of Monetary Economics》2006,53(6):1177-1195
This paper evaluates reserves regimes versus interest rate corridors, which have become competing frameworks for monetary policy implementation. Rate corridors, relying on lending and deposit facilities to create ceilings and floors for overnight interest rates, evince mixed results on controlling volatility. Reserve requirements allow period-average smoothing of interest rates but, even if remunerated, are subject to reserve avoidance activities. A system of voluntary, period-average reserve commitments could offer equivalent rate-smoothing advantages. If central banks created symmetric opportunity costs of meeting or falling short of period-average reserve requirements (or commitments), they could achieve flat reserve demand on settlement day. 相似文献
4.
于坤章 《湖南财经高等专科学校学报》2003,19(6):63-66
现代企业不再是销售已经生产好的产品,而应该是开发生产好卖的产品。好卖的产品,即市场拉动型产品,市场拉动就是以市场为导向,而4C则是对市场导向的全面概括。归根结底.现代企业的产品就是要以4C为导向。 相似文献
5.
对叔丁基苯乙酸在浓硫酸催化下,采用微波常压法与甲醇合成对叔丁基苯乙酸甲酯。结果表明:当对叔丁基苯乙酸:甲醇:浓硫酸=2:20:0.75(摩尔比),采用600w微波辐射20min时,对叔丁基苯乙酸甲酯的产率达93.6%,反应速率是常规方法的12倍。 相似文献
6.
4P、4C与4R:交易费用经济学的视角 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宋思根 《上海市经济管理干部学院学报》2004,2(4):18-23
4P是经典营销理论的核心内容之一。随着经济、文化和技术的全球化与区域化不断发展,市场竞争异常激烈,顾客在大部分领域取得了绝对的选择权,营销理论随之出现了4C和4R等“崭新”内容。从交易费用经济学的角度看,4C和4R不是对4P的替代,而是一种重要补充和发展。 相似文献
7.
西藏旅游企业从业人员规模还十分弱小,特别是旅游企业中导游队伍有待开发.而随着社会经济的发展以及结构的调整,旅游就业总量将不断增长,就业结构也会趋于合理;同时,西藏旅游开发战略模式决定了其从业人员的专业性和多样性,西藏4A级旅游区(点)的发展及扩增也将扩大就业人群. 相似文献
8.
9.
Werner Roeger 《The German Economic Review》2007,8(1):1-27
Abstract. This paper analyses taxation in the presence of distortions in goods and labour markets in an endogenous growth model. The government disposes of capital, labour and consumption taxes. It is shown that the market solution leads to suboptimally low levels of growth and employment. However, available tax instruments are sufficient to attain the first‐best growth path in this economy. The paper further explores the relative distortion of capital and labour taxes. For plausible parametrisations of the model, lowering capital taxes dominate reductions in labour taxes in welfare terms. 相似文献
10.
A corporate balance-sheet approach to currency crises 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a general equilibrium currency crisis model of the ‘third generation’, in which the possibility of currency crises is driven by the interplay between private firms’ credit-constraints and nominal price rigidities. Despite our emphasis on microfoundations, the model remains sufficiently simple that the policy analysis can be conducted graphically. The analysis hinges on four main features (i) ex post deviations from purchasing power parity; (ii) credit constraints a la Bernanke-Gertler; (iii) foreign currency borrowing by domestic firms; (iv) a competitive banking sector lending to firms and holding reserves and a monetary policy conducted either through open market operations or short-term lending facilities. We derive sufficient conditions for the existence of a sunspot equilibrium with currency crises. We show that an interest rate increase intended to support the currency in a crisis may not be effective, but that a relaxation of short-term lending facilities can make this policy effective by attenuating the rise in interest rates relevant to firms. 相似文献