The quantity and variety of households’ meat purchases: A censored demand system approach

This study investigates the demand for 10 disaggregated meat products by U.S. households. A censored demand system which imposes budget constraints in both observed and latent shares is estimated along with a detailed explanation of the estimation procedure. Additional details about the methodology not provided in previous studies should help researchers to empirically apply the model. An innovation of the study is to introduce the censored demand system model for studying the variety of a household's food purchases. Most households buy between seven and eight different products and hardly change the variety of their purchases with changes in meat expenditure.     

An Error Corrected Almost Ideal Demand System for Crustaceans in the United States

We have employed an error-corrected almost ideal demand system (ECAIDS) for major crustaceans at a disaggregated level in the United States. The proposed model can provide short- and long-run price elasticities. This article makes an important empirical contribution by reporting a set of reliable, policy-relevant estimates of the elasticities of demand for crustaceans in the United States. The habit formation behavior was significant only for crayfish. The value pricing strategy and the promotional pricing strategy are expected to benefit the domestic shrimp industry. Increasing prices through various marketing strategies can benefit domestic producers of lobsters and crabs.     

经济发展、危险行为与艾滋病传播

经济发展通过影响人们的危险（易感）行为来影响艾滋病的传播。本文提出的一个简单两时期代际模型表明：随着经济发展,个人财富的增加提高人们对于未来生活的预期,这将抑制人们的危险行为;但经济发展带来的应对疾病能力的提高又会增加人们的类似行为。因此,经济发展对于艾滋病传播的最终影响具有不确定性。本文在此基础上对中国各地区的艾滋病发病率进行检验,确实发现经济发展对艾滋病传播的影响不显著,个人财富确实抑制了艾滋病的流行,但未发现公共医疗水平提高对于艾滋病传播有显著正影响。     

THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA1

This study investigates the hypothesis that HIV/AIDS epidemic slows down the pace of economic growth. We examine 41 Sub‐Saharan African countries by using the empirical growth equation in an augmented Solow model in which health capital serves as a determinant of human capital. Econometric analysis is based on panel data and covers the period 1997‐2005. We control for a variety of factors possibly correlated with HIV prevalence that might also influence economic growth. As a key result we prove that the epidemic has a significant negative effect on the growth rate of per capita GDP in Sub‐Saharan Africa.     

WHO DEVELOPS INNOVATIONS IN MEDICINE FOR THE POOR? TRENDS IN PATENT APPLICATIONS RELATED TO MEDICINES FOR HIV/AIDS,TUBERCULOSIS, MALARIA,AND NEGLECTED DISEASES

This paper analyzes patent data of medicines and vaccines for diseases spreading in low‐income countries. The data were retrieved from a database of the Japan Patent Office. Who invents medicines for the poor of the world? This is the main question that the paper addresses. Results indicate that not only public institutions but also private firms have played an important role in developing innovations for fighting both global diseases such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, and so‐called neglected diseases including malaria, which seem to spread almost exclusively in low‐income countries. Moreover, the basic mechanism of innovation is similar between the development of medicines for HIV/AIDS and those for neglected diseases. Finally, among firms, infectious disease fighting innovations are quite diverse. R&D stock and economies of scope are used to explain frequent patent applications by a high‐performing pharmaceutical firm.     

变化时代的艾滋病预防

试图从人类人口学的视角和杰米逊关于社会变迁的公共卫生理论对中国目前在艾滋病预防上的困境作出解释 :当市场经济发展和社会变迁导致政治权利迅速分散使传统的社会控制失去作用的时候 ,需要更高思维素质的公民社会尚未形成。笔者就此提出一些建议     

An Almost Ideal Cost of Living Index for Food in Spain Using a Microeconomic Approach and Censored Data

Abstract

A true cost of living (COL) index should compare the cost derived by two consumption levels and two price vectors maintaining the same utility in the two cases. Its application and empirical testing has been, generally, focalized on a temporal perspective. A spatial perspective it is also interesting for economic analysis because it allows for making comparisons of COLs across geographical units. This spatial approach, however, it is not so frequent in the literature. The aim of this paper is to calculate a spatial COL index for the regions of Spain. For this purpose, we use microdata from the 2010 Households Budget Survey (HBS, Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares) provided by the Spanish Statistical Institute (INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística). We will denominate this index spatial cost of living index (SCOL). We use a microeconomic approach that keeps the level of utility of households constant across space but allows for substitution among different baskets of goods. The results reveal large differences in COL across the Spanish regions. The estimates of the SCOL index allows for reconsidering regional comparisons in terms of average wages. Even when nominal monetary figures from official Regional Accounts show huge regional disparities, regional differences are largely moderated when the wage figures are corrected by our SCOL index.     

艾滋病与普通服刑人员心理健康状况比较研究

以清流监狱服刑人员为调查对象,采用SCL-90症状自评量表对64名艾滋病服刑人员和普通服刑人员进行心理健康状况调查,结果表明：普通服刑人员和艾滋病服刑人员都存在比较普遍的心理健康问题,总均分都显著高于全国常模群体;二者相比较,艾滋病服刑人员在总均分和躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖6个因子上存在更加严重的问题。因此,监狱应重视服刑人员的心理健康教育,特别是对艾滋病服刑人员要给予特别的关心和帮助,尽可能提高艾滋病服刑人员的心理健康水平。     

大学生艾滋病预防教育情况研究报告

本报告针对大学生艾滋病预防教育问题,以问卷调查的定量分析、卷宗整理的定性剖析和文献资料的索引为主要方法,在对问卷、卷宗进行统计分析和对文献资料进行整理汇总的基础上,运用社会学、教育学、心理学等多学科理论进行分析研究.