Optimisation of water procurement decisions in an irrigation district: the role of option contracts

Water supply instability is one of the main risks faced by irrigation districts and farmers. Water procurement decision optimisation is essential in order to increase supply reliability and reduce costs. Water markets, such as spot purchases or water supply option contracts, can make this decision process more flexible. We analyse the potential interest in an option contract for an irrigation district that has access to several water sources. We apply a stochastic recursive mathematical programming model to simulate the water procurement decisions of an irrigation district's board operating in a context of water supply uncertainty in south‐eastern Spain. We analyse what role different option contracts could play in securing its water supply. Results suggest that the irrigation district would be willing to accept the proposed option contract in most cases subject to realistic values of the option contract financial terms. Of nine different water sources, desalination and the option contract are the main substitutes, where the use of either depends on the contract parameters. The contract premium and optioned volume are the variables that have a greater impact on the irrigation district's decisions.     

SCS模型在无资料地区径流模拟估算中的应用*——以清河流域为例

［目的］无资料地区的水文模拟,一直是摆在水文工作者中的一大难题。文章尝试利用由美国农业部水土保持局开发的SCS（Soil Conservation Service）模型对资料稀缺的西安市清河流域开展径流模拟估算。［方法］该模型结构简单,参数较少,极大地降低了对研究区基础地理数据与水文数据的依赖程度。由于缺乏实测历年径流总量数据,该文提出径流系数区间法来验证SCS模型模拟效果。以径流系数取值区间的平均值计算出的年际平均径流总量作为验证的参考值。［结果］（1）清河流域历年的年径流总量与年降雨总量有很好的对应关系,在不考虑地下水损耗的情况下,年降雨量越大,地表径流也越大,其中2003年径流总量最大,达到1 400万m3,最小为1997年的300万m3。（2）为弥补研究区资料稀缺问题,用径流系数区间法对模拟结果进行验证,验证结果为确定性系数09,纳什系数06,结果表明,基于SCS模型模拟估算清河流域年际径流总量取得了令人满意的效果。［结论］SCS模型在清河流域的成功应用表明,该模型可以在无资料地区或资料稀缺地区开展径流模拟,由于其建模简洁,极大地降低了在类似无资料区域开展水文模拟的难度,为此类地区开展水文研究提供了新的途径。研究结果可为当地水资源管理提供一定依据。     

江苏省太湖流域农村生活污水治理资金保障研究

农村生活污水治理滞后的主要原因是生活污水收集系统和净化设施建设、运营的资金得不到保障。利用已建成并投入运营项目的相关数据,结合江苏省太湖流域农村人口的现状分布,初步估算农村生活污水治理率达到70%的情景下,污水处理设施建设的资金需求,以及设施全部建成后每年的运营和监管费用,分析资金缺口的解决方案,并提出资金保障的政策建议。     

川中丘陵农地生态建设研究

从生态学角度研究了川中丘陵农地利用中存在的生态环境问题，认为实施生态建设是川中丘陵农地持续利用的重要途径。提出了进行生态建设的思路。     

网络治理视角下我国流域综合管理探讨——以中国乌江流域治理为例

网络治理视角下流域综合管理,这是当今国际流域管理的积极创新实践。文章以中国西南地区长江上游主要支流——乌江的治理进行单案例研究,尝试进行解释性的案例研究,证实网络治理下的流域综合管理是乌江流域乃至中国流域治理的一种可行模式。文章从网络治理与流域综合管理（IRBM）基本理论出发,深入分析了乌江流域科层治理模式产生的主要问题及问题产生的原因,探讨了网络治理视角下乌江流域综合管理跨地区协调和多主体合作机制构建以及制度创新。     

基于长江流域各省市入境旅游市场的偏离-份额分析

偏离-份额分析法是区域经济相对于大尺度参照体系进行对比分析的一种方法,将区域经济增长分为份额分量、结构分量和竞争力分量来研究区域经济的动态变化过程。运用区域经济分析中的偏离—份额分析法构建长江流域各省市主要入境旅游市场SSM模型,对17个主要客源市场基于长江流域背景下各省市的竞争力的动态发展进行了简要分析,指出其中存在的一些主要问题及原因,为长江流域入境旅游市场的健康发展提供参考依据。     

生态文明视角下黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究

以流域为基础的生态文明建设至关重要,黄河流域是中华文明的发祥地,也是我国重要的生态安全屏障。论文首先立足生态文明时代背景,针对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略需求,系统提出了基于“生态—空间—时间”的流域生态文明三维分析框架;然后系统识别了黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展面临的生态水资源承载、空间体系和历史预期与发展动能等方面的瓶颈制约;最后从强化流域水资源高效利用与生态补偿、优化黄河流域空间体系和培育激发黄河流域高质量发展新动能方面提出了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的对策建议。     

Pacific Basin stock markets and international capital asset pricing

In this paper, we follow Harvey (1991) to investigate whether rates of return on Pacific Basin stock markets can be explained by conditional version of International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM), which allows for time-varying expected returns, variances, and covariances. The results show that most individual Pacific Basin markets can be described by the conditional ICAPM. However, the multiple markets' tests do not support the conditional ICAPM formulation, and the estimates of world reward to risk ratio are not the same across these markets. Furthermore, the Ghysels and Hall test (Ghysels & Hall, 1990a, 1990b) shows that the estimates of parameter are also unstable in the conditional ICAPM formulation. This implies that it is difficult to use world return to describe the relationship between expected return and risk for the Pacific Basin stock markets.     

Fifty years of finance research in the Asia Pacific Basin

In this paper, we review the history of scholarly finance research in the Asia Pacific Basin. We do this by analysing the four leading regional finance journals – Accounting and Finance, Australian Journal of Management, International Review of Finance and the Pacific‐Basin Finance Journal – along five dimensions. The five dimensions are the most cited papers, noted authors, impact in terms of practice, research areas and a breakdown in terms of the development of the field according to Kuhnian concepts of normal science, anomalies and extraordinary science. We show that the Asia Pacific journals make a crucial contribution to research and practice both in the region and internationally.     

基于污染指数法的太湖流域水污染治理效果分析

太湖流域水污染治理对我国水环境改善和生态文明建设具有重要的示范作用。为有效掌握太湖流域的水污染情况,以高锰酸盐、氨氮、总磷、总氮等为指标,对2005~2012年太湖流域水质变化趋势及变化原因进行了分析,并通过构建污染指数法对太湖流域水质的污染情况进行了评价。研究结果表明:经过治理,太湖流域水质确实得到改善,但仍然处于重污染范畴,而且水质改善速度缓慢。最后,针对太湖流域水污染现状,提出了相应的污染防治建议。