Understanding novelty creation in exploration networks—Structural and relational embeddedness jointly considered

In exploration networks the key-organisational question is not how to organise a division of labour but instead how to create novelty. The aim of this paper is to develop an understanding of how such novelty in exploration networks is created. Based on an empirical analysis of the multimedia and biotechnology industries in the Netherlands, this paper shows that exploration networks face a trade-off between diversity and selection. Moreover, the findings indicate that depending on the type of exploration task, exploration networks need to make a combination of density and tie strength in such a way that diversity and selection are aligned. The paper concludes, among others, that the views of Burt, Coleman and Granovetter should not be seen as contradictory, but rather as proponents of complementary views.     

Knowledge spillovers in biotechnology: sources and incentives

This paper sheds light on the questions, Why does knowledge spill over? and How does knowledge spill over? The answer to these questions we suggest lies in the incentives confronting scientists to appropriate the expected value of their knowledge considered in the context of their path-dependent career trajectories. In particular, we focus on the ability of scientists to appropriate the value of knowledge embedded in their human capital along with the incentive structure influencing if and how scientists choose to commercialize their knowledge. We conclude that the spillover of knowledge from the source creating it, such as a university, research institute, or industrial corporation, to a new-firm startup facilitates the appropriation of knowledge for the individual scientist(s) but not necessarily for the organization creating that new knowledge in the first place.     

Managing the Risks Associated with Using Biomedical Ethics Advice

This paper discusses the criticisms that exist about corporate use of ethics advice by bioscience companies and offers suggestions on how ethics advisors can be used so as to maximize their utility and avoid the criticism.     

我国生物技术发展态势分析

统计分析了我国2000—2005年生物技术领域发表的论文情况,揭示我国生物技术领域的发展趋势。     

乳制品加工中生物技术的运用

随着市场经济的不断发展,我国科学技术取得了较大的突破。尤其是生物技术在食品加工及食物成分检测过程中发挥了重要作用。自从三聚氰胺食品事件出现之后,我国食品加工行业加强了市场监管,特别是在乳制品加工生产中,采用更加先进的生物技术,对乳制品中的相关有害成分和不达标成分进行检测分析,以此确保了我国食品生产加工的卫生与安全。基于此,从我国食品加工生产行业中乳制品加工生产实际出发,通过对生物技术在乳制品加工中的具体应用情况进行分析,以此确保我国乳制品生产企业能够健康、稳定发展。