Using patient-reported outcome assessments in clinical practice and their importance in risk management

Abstract

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are related to risk management programmes in that they are tools to measure the benefits and risks of exposure to pharmaceutical products from the patient's perspective. Clinical measures of improvement of certain conditions may not necessarily correlate with improvements in a patient's ability to perform daily activities. PRO data, when properly administered, collected, analysed and returned to physicians are a very useful source of information. This will ultimately address safety concerns, facilitate the physician–patient relationship and improve patients' compliance to treatment in routine patient care. In this article we stress the importance of PRO in risk management.     

银行信贷风险管理和预警体系研究——以建设银行某支行为例（下）

在对现行建设银行信贷风险管理的研究后,建立了新的适用评定信贷风险模型,并获得了理论上的成功.而模型需要进行案例实证的检验才具有可信性,在此所选建行下某支行贷款企业实际数据进行检测,实证证明模型有效.得出所建模型在案例实证的情况下有效的结论.     

Measuring portfolio strategic performance using key performance indicators

It is difficult to find indicators for measuring the achievement of objectives during the progress of project portfolios. This article presents an approach for developing key strategic perfor‐mance indicators considering this limitation. The indicators proposed help measure the achievement of a portfolio's strategic objectives taking into account the realization of key benefits. This approach helps identify strategic interdependences between projects that the portfolio is composed of, facilitating the understanding of how the performance of a single project affects the overall performance of a portfolio. The key perfor‐mance indicators can also be used for monitoring the materialization of risks and opportunities influencing the strategic performance of a portfolio.     

商部的设立与清末农业的振兴

清末时期,面对传统农业的困境和西方对中国农业的冲击,商部(农工商部)作为新设的专门管理全国实业的中央机构,采取了调查农情,重视垦荒种植,改良棉业,提倡蚕桑,振兴茶业,讲求农学,劝设农事试验场,劝办农会等一系列政策措施,促进了清末农业的发展,推动了中国农业现代化进程。     

工程建设领域招投标廉政风险及其防控

工程建设领域是公共权力与市场经济密切联系、廉政风险易发多发的重点领域，其中招投标环节涉及多个廉政风险点。要对业主和投标单位、评标专家、纪检监察和招标代理机构加强防控管理，以保证这一环节的公开、公平、公正和廉洁。     

Analysis of marine ecological compensation for environmental risk caused by chemical spill based on game theory

The problem of marine environmental risk is ultimately the result of game theory between the marine environmental managers and the enterprise of potential environmental risk. This paper analyzes the internal economic relationship that whether the “protection” policy is applied between the protection action of marine environmental managers and the chemical enterprise. The result shows that the key factor whether the enterprise adopt the “protection” policy or not is the amount of penalty and the government＇s cost of execution, and the compulsive ecological compensation is obligatory from the angle of stimulating the enterprise of canonical action and adopting the “protection” policy. To build the ecological compensation mechanism based on the environmental risk will effectively improve the level of management in sea area and decrease the probability of chemical spill.     

Deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat: an example of weighing the pros and cons of food stuffs

A Committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands advised on deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin occurring in cereals. TDIs of 1.0 and 0.5?µg.kg_{body weight} ^?1.day^?1 have been based on mice and pig studies in which DON reduced growth. In 1999, the 50^th and 95^th percentiles of DON intake by 1‐4‐year‐old children were, respectively, 1.3 and 2.4?µg.kg_{body weight} ^?1.day^?1. The Committee considered: (i) TDI contains safety factors, (ii) a slightly reduced weight gain is not necessarily harmful, (iii) when growth rate is highest, children consume little or no wheat, and (iv) in real life, exposure varies, causing the effect to be smaller. The Committee concluded that an exposure that only incidentally exceeds—up to about five times—0.5?µg.kg_{body weight} ^?1.day^?1 very unlikely inhibits weight gain. More severe effects on immunity, fertility and the foetus may occur at intakes higher than 2.5µg.kg_{body weight} ^?1.day^?1. Nonetheless, toxin exposure should be kept as low as possible. The Committee advised to agriculturally reduce DON content; second one may exclude wheat with high DON content for human consumption. Limits of 500 and 100?µg/kg_wheat prevent exposure exceeding 1.5 and 0.5?µg.kg_{body weight} ^?1.day^?1, respectively. As wheat products are good sources of nutrients, the Committee advised against discouraging their consumption.     

民爆企业安全生产风险管控的案例分析——以久联化工有限公司为例

民爆行业是国民经济建设的重要基础性产业，近年来得到快速发展。民爆行业属易燃易爆的高危行业，其产品生产和使用的风险性较大，重、特大伤亡事故时有发生，近年来呈多发递增趋势。因此，深入研究分析，完善措施，加强安全生产风险管控工作势在必行。论文以贵阳久联化工有限责任公司为例，分析了其安全生产风险管控方面的不足，运用风险管理理论并结合实际，对该企业的安全生产风险管控体系进行了系统研究，针对关键的风险管理问题提出了改进建议。     

Quantifying the risk-sharing welfare gains of social security

The welfare effects of intergenerational risk sharing through a pay-as-you-go social security system that is efficiently indexed to wages or interest rates are quantified. Comparing steady states, there are large welfare gains of being born into an economy with efficient risk sharing as compared to the current U.S. system. Efficient policy involves an increasingly risky net of tax income over the life cycle. When adjustment to steady state is taken into account, the welfare gains largely turn negative. The results are also compared and contrasted to the first best allocation.