基于径向基函数神经网络的物流企业供应链合作伙伴选择研究

提出了物流供应链企业合作伙伴选择问题的多目标决策模型,结合物流企业的行业特点,设计了符合物流企业供应链特点的合作伙伴选择指标体系,从伙伴关系、伙伴特性和合作柔性三个方面对物流企业供应链合作伙伴进行分析,将伙伴分类为核心伙伴、重要伙伴、潜力伙伴、基础伙伴,通过构造基于径向基函数神经网络的选择模型对合作伙伴进行归类选择。通过实证研究,结果表明该方法有效、实用。     

Cost-effective compensation to avoid carbon emissions from forest loss: An approach to consider price-quantity effects and risk-aversion

Analyses were carried out on financial compensation to avoid loss of tropical forests and related carbon (C) emissions when marginal financial yield declined for land-use options with extended areas, and when a risk-averting perspective (modeled according to financial theory around the capital asset pricing model) is assumed. The approach in this study was to consider natural forest, forest plantation, pasture, and cropland simultaneously to investigate how an optimized land-use distribution may reduce the amount of compensation necessary to avoid C emissions from forest loss.The financial compensations derived were as high as US$ 176 per hectare per year when comparing natural forests only with the most profitable alternative (croplands). However, compensation decreased to US$ 124 for risk-neutral decision-makers, who would strive for optimized land-use allocation, and to only US$ 47 per hectare per year for risk-avoiders, who would look to maximize the reward-to-variability ratio. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the compensation under risk-aversion increased much less than under risk-ignoring when increased productivity of agricultural land-use or growing demand for agricultural products was simulated. It was concluded that considering appropriate diversification strategies and the well documented human behavior to avoid risks is an important step in developing cost-effective compensation policies.     

Forest management under fire risk when forest carbon sequestration has value

We develop a multiple forest use model to determine the optimal harvest date for a forest stand producing both timber and carbon benefits under a risk of fire. An empirical application is provided for a forest owner producing maritime pine in Southwest of France. Our results indicate that a higher risk of fire will decrease the optimal rotation period. On the contrary, higher carbon prices increase the optimal harvesting age. To investigate the contradictory effects of fire risk and carbon price on forest rotation, we identify the set of carbon prices and fire risks that lead to a given rotation age. We also show that forest owner's willingness to pay for a risk reduction can be substantial (37.33 euros by ha and by year to reduce the annual fire risk from 1.26% to 0.07%).     

我国碳排放权市场发展路径之研究

对国内外碳排放权市场的运行机制和发展状况进行了分析,剖析了各种碳排放权市场机制的特点,并创造性地将其与我国国情相结合,探讨了我国碳排放权市场的发展路径。现阶段我国尚未完全具备建立强制性减排交易市场的基本条件,但是鉴于未来碳排放权市场的重要性,我国应该把发展碳排放权市场作为一项长期战略。我国碳排放权市场可以采取如下发展路径：第一步,培育和壮大我国自愿抵消市场;第二步,借鉴美国经验发展类似CCX的会员制自愿减排交易市场,同时借鉴印度经验适当发展CDM单边项目并以此为基础建立CDM二级市场;第三步,在条件成熟的情况下推出强制性减排交易市场。     

低碳经济视域下的现代企业成本管理探究

低碳经济是在可持续发展理念的指导下,以低能耗、低污染、低排放为特征,有助于达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展模式。然而,从短期来看,一方面企业发展低碳经济的初期需要大量的成本投入,另一方面传统的企业成本管理很难适应现代成本管理理念的要求,因此成本问题是低碳经济发展初期的瓶颈。立足于长远的战略目标及企业外部...     

Supply‐ versus Demand‐Side Policies in the Presence of Carbon Leakage and the Green Paradox

We consider a climate coalition that seeks to reduce global emissions in the presence of carbon leakage and resource exhaustibility. We show that a credible announcement of future unilateral supply‐side policies delays foreign emissions, and we derive the optimal combination of consumer taxes and producer taxes when we consider leakages from free riders, both within periods and across periods. The tax shares generally differ over time. A decline in the present value of the social cost of carbon over time supports a time path where the consumers’ tax share of the total carbon tax also declines over time. We illustrate our findings with a numerical model.     

日本环境税收制度改革及其经济效应分析

环境税收制度是日本实现节能减排目标的重要政策工具之一。为了加强环境保护力度,日本政府出台了新一轮环境税收制度改革方案,这一改革对日本经济社会产生了深远的影响。对于企业而言,环境税制度改革影响企业能源使用成本及产品价格,对于家庭而言,环境税制度改革将改变其最终消费品的使用结构,这些变化具体体现为环境税的价格激励效应、财源效应、通告效应。探讨日本环境税收制度效应可以为我国的环境税实施方式、税收及其它政策工具的混合利用、环境税制度体系建设等方面提供政策借鉴。     

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and Air Pollution in Finland

Abstract

The historiography of mercantilism has been described as a series of disconnected still pictures which reflect the shifting viewpoints of economic thought.¹ However, historians have favoured different concepts of mercantilism not only in response to the shifts of economic science but also because they have held, explicitly or implicitly, different opinions on the problem of how economic ideas are formed and of the role they have played in historical development. The following reexamination of some of those ‘stills’ concentrate on such differences.²     

低碳经济转型和中国-东盟FTA贸易与环境的协调

在金融危机全面影响实体经济、世界经济加速向低碳转型的2009年,中国-东盟FTA的构建进入关键时期。尽管双方并没有因此延缓贸易自由化的推进步伐,于2010年1月1日如期建成FTA,但包括贸易与环境的摩擦及冲突在内的中国威胁论的不和谐之音还是若隐若现。低碳经济转型为中国-东盟FTA建设贸易与环境的协调提供了极为重要的契机和内部驱动力量。     

What caused Japan’s Great Stagnation in the 1990s? Evidence from an estimated DSGE model

Despite the widespread belief that Japan’s “Great Stagnation” in the 1990s is due to the financial dysfunction after the collapse of asset price bubbles, Hayashi and Prescott (2002) argue that its main cause is a slowdown in total factor productivity growth, using a calibrated neoclassical growth model. The present paper aims to fill this gap by estimating a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model augmented with a financial accelerator mechanism and associated financial shocks. Our estimation results show that even in the presence of the financial shocks an adverse neutral technology shock mainly induced the Great Stagnation and that the rate of neutral technological change is strongly correlated with all enterprises’ financial position in the Tankan. Based on these findings, the paper argues that the Great Stagnation was caused by an adverse neutral technology shock that is likely to represent a tightening of firms’ financing, which induced reduction of R&D investment and misallocation of resources as indicated in previous literature.