The process and experiences with creating user-driven innovation programmes in the Netherlands

In 2005 the Netherlands drafted a new innovation policy, consisting of a basic package for all entrepreneurs and a programme-based package aimed at supporting the Dutch industry in achieving global excellence in a limited number of (business) areas. The programme-based package is characterized by an integral approach, resulting in user-driven public-private innovation programmes. In the new approach, industrial foresight processes are integrated with actual policy implementation. In this paper, we include the lessons learned during the process that led to the first innovation programmes. Also, some unresolved issues in the new approach are discussed.     

走进直销店——探访日本农产品流通新路

现在日本全国大约有1万家以上的农产品直销店,大多数都是在上世纪90年代泡沫经济破灭后开办的,属于农产品流通业态的新军。最近的统计显示,日本的农产品直销店的全年销售总额已超过6000亿日元,这相当于日本东北三县的农业生产总额。农产品直销店不仅使众多的农家获得了新生,更在一些地区带动了观光农业、食育事业、农家餐厅等城市和农村的交流项目,并引起了一股对传统菜肴和家乡菜再认识和评价的热潮。虽然中日两国的国情不同,但就中国国内的农产品流通的现状来看,笔者认为还是大有可借鉴之处的。从近年来困扰国内农产品流通的一大问题,即流通过程中的流通成本居高不下、流通环节仍然过多过杂的角度来看,农产品直销店的做法可以缓解这些相应的问题,而且文中已提到的其他相关作用也可以作为我们的积极参考。     

风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系研究

国内外研究现状表明,对风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系的特殊性、体系组成、体系功能等方面的认识有待深化;对推动体系建设的外部条件、经济政策、政策工具的研究尚不充分。有鉴于此,笔者设计了中国风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系,指出了其发育路径,研究了经济政策刺激、政策工具推动体系发育的作用。     

浅论我国农产品流通企业扩张的基本规律与政策规制

通过对农产品流通企业扩张形式全面的理论梳理, 研究总结了二种类型的农产品流通企业扩张基本规律,即纵向扩张和横向扩张,并对中国农产品企业扩张问题进行了实证研究,最后对我国农产品流通企业扩张提出建议.     

The Swedish third way: an assessment of the performance and validity of the Rehn-Meidner model

This paper analyses the functioning of the Rehn–Meidnermodel in Sweden and the validity of the model's underlying theory.Both sceptics and friends of ‘the Swedish model’have exaggerated the effects of active labour market policyand solidarity wage policy on employment, inflation and growth.However, these policies have contributed to the reduction ofhysteresis effects and wage differentials in Sweden. Furthermore,Swedish experiences confirm the Rehn–Meidner view thatpositive demand shocks and expansionary macroeconomic policiesmake it difficult to combine full employment with price stability,economic growth and equity even if central wage negotiationsare coordinated and trade unions willingly accept wage restraint.     

How useful is the concept of the natural real rate of interest for monetary policy?

The natural rate of interest plays a key role in Wicksell's‘cumulative process’ as well as in modern monetaryequilibrium models of the business cycle. It constitutes a usefulconcept for the theoretical analysis of the interdependenceof monetary policy and economic fluctuations. However, the usefulnessof this concept for the practice of monetary policy is limited—especiallyowing to the fact that the natural real rate of interest andits law of motion cannot be measured with satisfying precision.     

Monoculture versus diversity in competition economics

Economics rightfully represents the major basis for competitionpolicy. Next to generating knowledge about competition and itswelfare effects, the currently popular ‘more-economicapproach’ is charged with a number of additional hopesand expectations. While this article highlights the benefitsof economics-based competition policy, it takes a cautious stancetowards excessive expectations, in particular regarding theidea that a monocultural, ‘unified’ competitiontheory as an exact, objective and unerring scientific approachto antitrust could make normative assessment and generalisationssuperfluous. Diversity in competition economics is advocatedin two ways. First, competition economics is empirically characterisedby a considerable pluralism of theories and policy paradigms.Second, it is demonstrated that this diversity of theories istheoretically beneficial for future scientific progress. Asno ultimate competition theory can ever be expected., the ‘more-economicapproach’ must be extended in order to embrace diversity.     

Monetary and fiscal policy interactions in a New Keynesian model with capital accumulation and non-Ricardian consumers

The paper examines simple monetary and fiscal policy rules consistent with determinate equilibrium dynamics in the absence of Ricardian equivalence. Under this assumption, government debt turns into a relevant state variable which needs to be accounted for in the analysis of equilibrium dynamics. The key analytical finding is that without explicit reference to the level of government debt it is not possible to infer how strongly the monetary and fiscal instruments should be used to ensure determinate equilibrium dynamics. Specifically, we identify bifurcations associated with threshold values of steady-state debt, leading to qualitative changes in the local determinacy requirements.     

循环经济下企业环境责任的变迁与政策激励分析

随着经济模式的转化企业的环境责任由被动遵守环境法规和标准逐渐向主动承担环境责任转化,没有企业主动承担环境责任就没有循环经济的深入推进,循环经济的深化对企业的环境责任提出更高的要求。企业主动承担环境责任动力源于市场的导向和政府环境政策的激励,通过环境政策的调整均衡企业、个人和社会三者利益,促进企业主动承担环境责任和循环经济良性发展。     

The Economic Efficiency of Policy Reform and Partial Market Liberalization under Transaction Costs

The article presents an integrated analysis of the effects of domestic and trade policy reform on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. It develops a general multiagent, multicommodity model, where transaction costs are the costs of resources used in the exchange process. The influence of domestic and trade policy (including both price and quantity instruments) on distorted market equilibrium is analysed. Alternative concepts of distorted equilibrium are presented and investigated. They provide a basis for evaluating the effects of multilateral partial market liberalization on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. New conditions are derived under which multilateral policy reforms generate Pareto improvements.