POLICY PAPER: The Technical Process of Bank Privatization in Mexico

This paper describes the process of Mexican bank privatization that took place in 1991. We show that the Mexican government was very careful to ensure due process and transparency through the entire bank privatization process. However, the lack of a legal and regulatory framework and lax oversight shadowed the success of the technical process. Hence, the financial system in Mexico had to deal with a banking crisis shortly after their privatization, in 1994.     

西方商业银行风险战略实践研究

本文在对西方商业银行风险管理行为进行整体考察的基础上,结合风险管理的发展历程系统总结了商业银行风险战略的基本类型、主要特征和风险战略管理的实践流程.风险战略是商业银行整体经营发展战略中决定风险管理行动方向和范围的系列规划,具有显性和隐性两种表现形式,是全面风险管理框架的必备要素,是风险管理的起点和目标.风险战略管理通过对风险战略定位、选择、实施、评估与控制等一系列相互影响的决策和行动,确保了商业银行的持续稳健经营发展,确保商业银行股东价值增值.本文还对我国商业银行风险战略发展提出了政策建议.     

加强宏观调控深化金融改革

本文认为,我国去年以来的宏观调控取得了一定的成绩,但不能估计过高,一些深层次的问题并没有完全解决,还要继续努力,特别是要注意转变经济增长方式,真正提高经济增长的效益。宏观调控一定要总体考虑社会发展和经济发展之间的关系,中央和地方的关系,宏观和微观的关系,当前和长远的关系,农业、工业、服务业之间的关系,政府与企业和银行的关系等。这些都是影响宏观经济的大问题,都是要周密考虑的。文章指出,金融是现代经济的核心,而银行是金融的心脏,目前商业银行存在的效率低、资本充足率低,不良资产率高,内部管理、风险控制机制不健全,治理制度不完善,金融创新不足等问题,必须通过改革加以解决。     

再论经济转轨中的流动资金贷款问题

流动资金紧张一直是困扰我国企业的一个难题，但这一问题却不是仅仅依靠银行增加流动资金贷款供应数量就能解决的，其背后隐藏着深刻的经济和体制原因。本文从经济制度的转轨与变迁，以及社会资金配置方式与经济增长、发展的内在联系等宏观视角出发，深入分析了我国企业流动资金配置方式的变迁过程，揭示企业流动资金肾张与银行流动资金贷款高不良率等问题形成的逻辑，提出化解这些难题的整体战略思路：在宏观战略层面上，转变发展战略和改革社会资金配置方式；在微观操作层面上，改进企业、银行以及政府的微观机制，使其行为和相互关系更为科学合理。     

Competition and Concentration in the New European Banking Landscape

This paper measures the degree of concentration and competition in the enlarged European Union (EU) banking environment over the period 1998–2002. In the empirical part we opt for a methodology as proposed by Panzar and Rosse based on a non‐structural estimation of market competition. Our results suggest that European banks were operating under conditions of monopolistic competition and that bank interest revenues in the 10 new EU member states was earned under conditions of higher competition than those that existed in the old EU banking countries. The opposite result was observed for total operating revenues. Smaller banks earn interest income in a less competitive environment than larger banks, while the opposite is observed for total revenues.     

论我国现行商业银行风险管理法律制度的不足及完善

由于全球经济一体化与金融一体化的发展以及现代金融理论、信息技术和金融创新等因素，金融市场出现前所未有的波动性，商业银行等金融机构的经营管理面临日趋严重的金融风险，加强商业银行风险管理法律制度的建设已成为一国金融风险管理的中心工作。本文在分析了我国现行商业银行风险管理法律制度不足的基础上，就如何完善提出了自己的一点看法和建议。     

Bank-led restructuring in Poland: the conciliation process in action1

Poland's 1993 Enterprise and Bank Restructuring Programme (EBRP) tried to force state-owned commercial banks to build institutional capacity and resolve their problem loans. The outcome of its innovative bank-led workout (‘conciliation’) process, documented in this study of 62 firms, is decidedly mixed. The EBRP forced banks to confront their problems, helped them to build instituional capacity in their workout units, and furthered the difficult task of weeding out and closing clearly unviable firms. Yet it had limited power to promote needed restructuring or privatization in firms. The conciliation agreements were relatively unsophisticated and include few tangible requirements for operational or management change. The first two years of implementation saw a slowdown (over earlier years) in the rate of layoffs, a decline in average operating profitablility, and very little real privatization. The main impact of conciliation appears to have been to reduce debt service and thereby give firms ‘breathing room’.     

商业银行相对风险比较研究——来自中国14家商业银行2001-2004年的经验证据

为寻找中国商业银行整体运行中的薄弱环节,本文基于所构建的风险评价指标体系及风险比较模型,对中国14家主要商业银行2001～2004年的相对风险水平进行了对比分析.研究发现,依照相对风险程度的高低,14家商业银行可以划分为三个层次,第一层次,由华夏银行、招商银行、民生银行及中国银行所构成,安全性较高;而中国农业银行、中国工商银行和广东发展银行则隶属于风险最高的第三层次,是中国银行业安全的薄弱环节.由于不良贷款率、盈利能力和资产的流动性比率是影响商业银行风险状况的主要因素,因此从这三个方面入手,改善位于第三层次商业银行的风险状况,是提高中国银行业整体安全性的关键,应该成为当前银行业改革的重点.     

新巴塞尔资本协议与商业银行操作风险管理

操作风险正日益成为全球银行业风险管理的研究焦点。新巴塞尔协议将操作风险纳入风险管理框架，为其设定新的资本要求。目前我国的商业银行缺乏风险意识，尤其是在操作风险方面基本没有什么量化操作风险的科学方法，不能正确反映所承受的风险，操作风险的管理水平亟待提高。本文首先对操作风险进行界定，分析其主要特点，之后从国际和国内两方面对操作风险现状进行考察，阐述了新巴塞尔协议中操作风险的计量方法并对其进行评述，最后介绍了操作风险管理流程，并对我国商业银行操作风险管理的策略选择提出建议。     

Market Structure, Efficiency and Rising Consolidation of the Banking Industry in the Euro Area

Four factors are fundamentally altering the financial landscape in the Euro Area: deregulation, further disintermediation provoked by the common currency and common monetary policy, technological advances and increased competition from non‐bank intermediaries. Faced with the combined pressures of these factors, banks are devising strategies to do business in this new environment. They respond by attempting to improve their efficiency and/or market power through consolidation and balance sheet restructuring. This article examines whether the ongoing process of consolidation should be rationalized on the basis of the benefits of economies of scale and scope or to the attempt of banks to tackle excess capacity problems. Empirical findings reveal a significant effect of efficiency measures on banking profitability indices. Also, we argue that further disintermediation caused by common currency and common monetary policy poses a threat to banks' profitability. Finally, these results have some implications for merger and antitrust policy as well as for supervisory and regulatory practices.