创新创业社团高质量运行的关键要素调查与实证研究

近年来,各高校纷纷开设创新创业必修课程,双创社团高质量运行成为关注热点。基于生态系统理论与学习、行动、塑造三位一体的创新创业理论框架,通过问卷调查,实证研究创新创业社团高质量运行的影响因素并对相应机制进行深入分析。结果发现：创新创业社团高质量运行受到吸纳成员广度、学生自治程度、内容丰富程度、突出专业特色、教学配合紧密度5个因素的影响与共同作用;相比于研究生与已毕业人员,本科生更愿参加双创社团并且将社团活动丰富程度作为首要考虑因素。     

Adaptation and inertia in dynamic environments

Research summary : We address conflicting claims and mixed empirical findings about adaptation as a response to increased environmental dynamism. We disentangle distinct dimensions of environmental dynamism—the direction, magnitude, and frequency of change—and identify how selection shapes adaptive responses to these dimensions. Our results show how frequent directional changes undermine the value of exploration and decisively shift performance advantages to inert organizations that restrict exploration. In contrast, increased environmental variance rewards exploration. Our results also show that, in dynamic environments, the best‐performing organizations are generally more inert than less successful organizations. Managerial summary : Our research helps managers to understand under what business conditions investments into exploration and strategic flexibility are more likely to pay off. Dynamic business environments characterized by persistent trends and by large, infrequently occurring structural shocks reward strategic pursuit of temporary advantage. Thus, exploration and strategic flexibility are preferred strategies. In contrast, the challenge in frequently changing environments with fleeting opportunities is to identify and to focus on strategic actions whose payoffs on average are high, independent of environmental volatility. Low levels of exploration and long‐term strategic focus are preferred strategies in these circumstances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

美国科技政策学研究计划进展分析与启示

美国国家科学基金会于2006年设立了科技政策学研究计划（SciSIP）,经过十多年发展,在数据与方法研究以及共同体建设方面取得了重要进展。聚焦于SciSIP计划及其历年项目成果,对SciSIP计划发展历程进行总结,对SciSIP计划的研究成果和面临的挑战进行分析,以期为中国推进科技政策学研究及“科技政策学”这一新兴学科建设提供建议。     

Comparing post-operative resource consumption following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and conventional aortic valve replacement in the UK

Objective:

To define the in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge resource use, following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) and conventional Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) surgery within a single UK hospital.

Methods:

A local service evaluation of patients undergoing TAVI or AVR between January 2011 and May 2012 captured data until 6-months post-procedure, collected from hospital records and via a General Practitioner questionnaire. The main end-points were mortality, time in ITU/HDU, hospital length of stay (LoS), discharge destination, re-admission, and post-discharge primary/secondary care resource use. Sub-group analyses were performed for AVR patients aged ≥80 (AVR?≥?80) and with EuroSCORE of ≥10 (AVR ES?≥?10) to allow more direct comparison with ‘TAVI type’ patients.

Results:

Results are given as means (standard deviation) for TAVI (n?=?51), AVR (n?=?188), AVR?≥?80 (n?=?48), and AVR ES?≥?10 (n?=?47), respectively, unless otherwise stated. Age in years was 83.0 (8.1), 71.2 (13.1), 84.1 (2.7), 79.4 (7.1); EuroSCORE was 24.7 (11.9), 8.1 (6.4), 12.0 (6.0), and 16.5 (6.6); post-operative LoS (days) was 11.5 (11.2), 10.9 (10.8), 14.3 (16.7), and 15.2 (17.7). For discharged patients, 0%, 7%, 13%, and 9% had unplanned cardiac-related re-admissions within 30-days of discharge. Time to first readmission was 74.6 (34.0), 35.0 (34.2), 20.8 (9.7), and 22.6 (14.3) days.

Limitations:

This was a single-center retrospective evaluation, not prospectively powered to confirm differences in outcomes.

Conclusions:

Despite TAVI being performed in an older, higher risk population, LoS was similar to AVR. Most strikingly there were no cardiac-related re-admissions within 30-days for TAVI and time to first re-admission was significantly longer. This evaluation suggests that TAVI is clinically appropriate and provides economic advantages in both the hospital and post-discharge setting in this high risk group. Many patients undergoing TAVI are considered unfit for surgery and, hence, TAVI offers a treatment that delivers similar results to traditional AVR without the high risk associated with surgery.     

农村集体经济组织长期生存与制度变迁原因探讨——兼论人民公社的建立、失败与乡镇企业的改制

农村集体经济组织因其本身的重要意义而吸引着众多学者对其进行研究.研究农村集体经济组织变迁的目的不仅在于辨明集体经济组织的运行、变迁机理,更重要的是在此基础上预测其发展趋势.无论是改革开放前的人民公社,还是其后的乡镇企业,社区关联性都是其本质属性,即行为主体交往方式具有非匿名性、重复性、关联性等特点.理解经济组织不能仅仅关注组织内部,还要结合组织存在的制度环境,只有以此来解释农村集体经济组织的变迁过程,才能真正把握其本质及发展方向.     

虚拟品牌社群娱乐价值对品牌忠诚的作用机制研究

笔者采用实验方法,首次就虚拟品牌社群娱乐价值对消费者品牌忠诚的作用机制进行探究,并将品牌社群承诺细分为情感性承诺和算计性承诺两种类型。结果发现:情感性品牌社群承诺在其中起到完全中介的作用。因此企业在实践中应加强虚拟品牌社群的娱乐版块建设,并通过多种方式来强化消费者的情感性品牌社群承诺以促进其品牌忠诚。     

基础研究动态社团演化规律研究

从社团演化入手,构建基础研究动态社团演化分析框架,揭示基础研究科技人才队伍发展规律。首先,构建基础研究动态科研合作网络,运用派系过滤算法提取静态社团,基于社会分层理论与帕累托原则改进即时最优法,揭示关键学者在动态社团识别中的作用;其次,改进动态社团生命周期模型,增加稳定事件以更好地描述动态社团演化活跃度;再次,基于系统理论与竞合理论,从结构、演化和产出3个方面提取16个动态社团演化特征要素,并将其划分为规模与数量、产出与速度、竞合与活跃性、发展与延续性4部分,分析动态社团演化规律。基于以上研究,以集成电路领域为案例,比较中美前沿领域基础研究动态社团发展现状,并给出我国基础研究管理与人才培养的对策建议。     

The future of India's obsolete dams: Time to review their safety and structural integrity

India has built over 5000 large dams till date to boost electric power and to enhance irrigated agriculture. In spite of this big dam building venture, India lacks expertise in decommissioning old dams. As a matter of fact, India has more than 500 large dams that were built 50 years ago, and 100 of them have passed over a century. This article analyses the existing facts on India's outdated dams, their safety matters and recommends future strategies to safeguard the large dams from potential future threats.     

Emic and etic interpretations of engagement with a consumer-to-consumer online auction site

This paper provides emic and etic interpretations of engagement with a consumer-to-consumer (C2C) online auction site, based on in-depth interviews with buyers. The study exposes three misconceptions about online C2C auctions; that the interaction between parties occurs exclusively online, that the relation between buyers and sellers is purely transactional in nature, and that the interaction between buyers and sellers does not lead to ongoing business relationships. The paper reveals the utilitarian, hedonic and social benefits that are the bases of engagement with the auction site. Social benefits materialize for auction buyers during offline exchanges. The paper also reveals marketer incentives and structural disincentives for consumers' ongoing use of the auction site.