语境动态顺应论在外贸谈判中的应用探析

基于Verschueren的顺应理论,通过价格谈判、付款方式谈判、佣金谈判、发货谈判案例,对外贸谈判中的语境动态顺应这一话语现象进行分析,进一步揭示语境动态顺应的应用能更有效地突破谈判僵局达成交易,从而达到双赢谈判的目标。     

THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF MONETARY UNION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract.  With the 14 members of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) having set the objective of adopting a common currency for the year 2018, an expanding empirical literature has emerged evaluating the benefits and costs of a common-currency area in Southern Africa. This paper reviews that literature, focusing on two categories of studies: (1) those that assume that a country's characteristics are invariant to the adoption of a common currency and (2) those that assume that a monetary union alters an economy's structure, resulting in trade creation and credibility gains. The literature reviewed suggests that a relatively small group of countries, typically including South Africa, satisfies the criteria necessary for monetary unification. The literature also suggests that, in a monetary union comprising all SADC countries and a regional central bank that sets monetary policy to reflect the average economic conditions (e.g. fiscal balances) in the region, the potential losses (i.e. higher inflation) from giving up an existing credible national central bank, a relevant consideration for South Africa, could outweigh any potential benefits of trade creation resulting from a common currency.     

Innovation performance across Europe

The innovation performance of firms is primarily determined by their own innovative activities and the interaction with their innovation-related environment. This environment typically differs among countries. We assess empirically these differences on firms' innovation performance. To that end we first estimate the relationship between an aggregate innovation input measure and an aggregate innovation output measure, thereby explicitly controlling for structural differences between countries. We then consider the extent to which firms located in a particular country perform better or worse than this estimated benchmark performance. The analysis is based on a panel dataset that we have constructed from Eurostat's first and second Community Innovation Survey. In order to control for possible data contamination we employ an outlier-robust estimator. It appears that among the fourteen countries considered Italy, Germany and Ireland offer an environment that facilitates most the transformation of innovation-related inputs into commercial outputs while the environment in Denmark is the least facilitating.     

社区治疗对高血压人群的效果分析

目的对高血压患者进行社区卫生治疗及宣传教育,观察患者的临床效果。方法对社区内的73例患者进行治疗,经过12～18个月的治疗后,对患者进行临床效果分析。结果经过治疗后,患者的血压值明显降低,治疗后明显优于治疗前。结论社区治疗对于患有高血压病的患者具有显著的促进作用,能够有效控制血压,达到理想的治疗效果。     

中小企业利用校园招聘塑造雇主品牌的建议与对策

就当今中小企业面临的招聘难和留人难的问题,指出塑造雇主品牌是解决这一难题的有效途径。由于校园招聘又是宣传雇主品牌最为有效的手段之一,所以分析了中小企业在利用校园招聘宣传雇主品牌时遇到的困难,并对怎么做好校园招聘以塑造良好的雇主品牌给出有效的建议和对策。     

城市化视野下的社区管理体系建设研究

社区作为城市的基本组成部分,是居民集中生活的公共领域。随着城市化进程的加速推进,社区作为经济体制转轨的重要承接点作用日益凸显,并成为构建和谐社会的基层平台。本文在论证社区在城市化进程中的重要意义和作用的基础上,紧密结合各地方社区建设实际,分析城市社区建设中存在的问题,从而思考新城市化进程中的社区管理体系建设可行的路径选择,为新形势下的社区管理建设提供切实可行的工作思路。     

The role of tourism management in adaptation to climate change – a study of a European inland area with a diversified tourism supply

The Carpathian Basin is one of the most vulnerable European regions in terms of potential climate change impacts on biodiversity. Its wide range of tourism activities make it uniquely suitable for assessing the effects of climate change on tourism. This research sought to create a Tourism Adaptation Portfolio (TAP) for the Szentendre micro-region in Hungary and to assemble an adaptation toolbox for current and future use by tourism organizations. The TAP contains practical, easy to implement solutions for key stakeholders in the sector by adaptation type (technology, management, behavior, education, policy). Surveys of local tourism suppliers showed that 70% said they were well informed, largely by the Internet, but 55% admitted to not knowing enough. The methodology outlined here is transferable and the process can be replicated elsewhere, supporting other regions in becoming climate-friendly tourism destinations, creating opportunities for uniquely positioning a region for consumers. The article provides a concise overview of tourism provider attitudes assessed through a questionnaire, shedding light on points of intervention, willingness to pay, main barriers and suitable adaptation instruments. The adaptive capacity of stakeholders is also discussed, which is indispensable for implementing successful practices in adaptation and maintaining the current level of environmental services.     

Behavioral Adaptation of Alpine Skiers to Climate Change: Examining Activity Involvement and Place Loyalty

This study employed a visitor survey to analyze the influence that changing climatic conditions have on the substitution behaviors of alpine skiers (activity, spatial, temporal). It further focuses on the role that activity involvement plays in influencing behavioral adaptations (i.e., substitution) and also the extent to which place loyalty is affected. The Modified Involvement Scale (MIS) was used to segment respondents based on high, medium, and low levels of leisure involvement with activity. Highly involved skiers were more likely to change their skiing behavior as a result of poor snow conditions than were less involved individuals. Pritchard's Psychological Commitment Index (PCI) provided evidence that less involved skiers exhibit lower levels of commitment to particular service providers than do highly involved individuals.     

Policy Environment for the Tourism Sector's Adaptation to Climate Change in the South Pacific – The Case of Samoa

Samoa and its neighbouring Pacific Island Countries are highly vulnerable to climate change risks because their population and infrastructure are mostly located on low-lying coastal areas. Impacts of climate change are potentially disastrous to tourism, the major economic sector in the region. This research examines the conduciveness of the policy environment in Samoa for the tourism sector to adapt to climate change along three dimensions: stakeholders’ will and commitment, resources available, and policy-making mechanisms [Wong, E.P.Y., Mistilis, N., & Dwyer, L. (2011). A framework for analyzing intergovernmental collaboration – the case of ASEAN tourism. Tourism Management, 32, 367–376]. Samoa is used as an exemplar case study to understand how the Pacific island tourism sector can best adapt to climate change. It was found that the policy environment in Samoa is generally conducive. However, there is a strong need for closer public–private cooperation.     

我国私募股权投资发展的机遇分析

近年来,我国成为亚洲最为活跃的私募股权投资市场,未来十年将是中国私募股权投资飞速发展的黄金十年。目前,我国中小企业的融资"缺口"、社会变迁、第二轮西部大开发、资本市场的持续健康发展与国际经济调整复苏给私募股权投资发展带来了千载难逢的机遇。