农业面源污染控制的一体化环境经济政策体系研究

农业面源污染由于排放主体的分散性和隐蔽性、污染发生的随机性、污染负荷的时空差异性,使得农业面源污染具有很强的外部性、不确定性和非对称信息,这是农业面源污染控制的理论依据。文章在对农业面源污染控制面临的污染控制成本不确定性、污染者排污水平不确定性进行理论分析后,构建了农业面源污染控制的一体化环境经济政策体系,指出农业面源污染控制须针对各责任主体设计独特化、具体化、精确化、针对性的环境经济政策。     

兵团农业体制对农工专业合作组织发展影响研究

兵团特殊性和独特的农业双层经营体制决定了兵团农工专业合作组织的发展有别于地方农村的农民专业合作组织。那么,区别在哪里,兵团农业双层经营体制对农工专业合作组织发展影响又如何？本文在比较兵团农业双层经营体制与地方农村基本经营制度的基础上,结合兵团农工专业合作组织的发展现状,利用新制度经济学相关理论进行分析研究,得出以下主要结论：在兵团农业双层经营体制下,集体行动的困境是兵团农工合作经济组织发展缓慢以及大多数合作组织停留在专业技术协会层面而无法实现向农工专业合作社转变的组织行为学解释;成员资源禀赋不足及资源禀赋互补性不强对兵团农工专业合作组织的组建和发展影响明显;兵团农场“委托一代理”模式的交易费用的节约效用并不明显;兵团的农业种植结构对农工专业合作组织的发展并不是非常有利。最后提出相应对策建议。     

财政支农的市场一体化效应及其政策

以增加农民收入从而支撑具有产业、区域特征的市场一体化为视角,对财政政策不同的支农方式和支农工具所产生的不同的农业市场一体化效应进行了分析,认为直接收入补贴明显好于价格支持;间接支农优于直接支农;而且不同的支农项目对市场一体化的促进作用差异显著。为此,提出了逐步减少价格支持,增加直接收入补贴,增加财政间接支农力度,引导农业生产要素多渠道利用,促进农业系统内外部合作,重视三农无形资产,建立适当监督机制等政策建议。     

建立县级公共气象服务体系的实践与思考

介绍了德庆县气象局开展公共气象服务系统试点改革的具体实施情况,分析了试点中遇到的一些问题,探索如何建立以发展现代农业气象服务为主的县级农村公共气象服务体系。     

生态旅游与有机农业相结合的环境保护价值

生态环境保护既是一个环境问题也是一个经济问题,更是与区域可持续发展紧密结合的全球性问题。生态旅游是旅游可持续发展的制高点,有机农业是农业可持续发展的制高点,两者结合具有相得益彰的环境保护价值,可有效地解决以往生态环境保护与发展经济之间的矛盾,促进生态、农村经济和社会效益的协同发展。     

宝鸡新农村建设中发展循环农业的路径探析

将循环经济理念运用于宝鸡农业经济系统中,分析宝鸡新农村建设中,发展循环农业的必要性及路径。     

Accounting for the ecosystem services of migratory species: Quantifying migration support and spatial subsidies

Migratory species support ecosystem process and function in multiple areas, establishing ecological linkages between their different habitats. As they travel, migratory species also provide ecosystem services to people in many different locations. Previous research suggests there may be spatial mismatches between locations where humans use services and the ecosystems that produce them. This occurs with migratory species, between the areas that most support the species' population viability - and hence their long-term ability to provide services - and the locations where species provide the most ecosystem services. This paper presents a conceptual framework for estimating how much a particular location supports the provision of ecosystem services in other locations, and for estimating the extent to which local benefits are dependent upon other locations. We also describe a method for estimating the net payment, or subsidy, owed by or to a location that balances benefits received and support provided by locations throughout the migratory range of multiple species. The ability to quantify these spatial subsidies could provide a foundation for the establishment of markets that incentivize cross-jurisdictional cooperative management of migratory species. It could also provide a mechanism for resolving conflicts over the sustainable and equitable allocation of exploited migratory species.     

Biological conservation in dynamic agricultural landscapes: Effectiveness of public policies and trade-offs with agricultural production

Land use change and land management intensification are major drivers of biodiversity loss, especially in agricultural landscapes, that cover a large and increasing share of the world's surface. Incentive-based agri-environmental policies are designed to influence farmers' land-use decisions in order to mitigate environmental degradation. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biological conservation in a dynamic agricultural landscape under economic uncertainty. We develop a dynamic ecological economic model of agricultural land-use and spatially explicit population dynamics. We then relate policies (subsidies to grassland, taxation of agricultural intensity) to the ecological outcome (probability of persistence of a species of interest). We also analyze the associated trade-offs between agricultural production (in value) and biological conservation (in probability of persistence) at the landscape scale.     

江西省特色农业产业集群形成与发展的文化生态机理

在促使江西省特色农业产业集群的形成与发展过程中,文化生态的作用非常重要。传统农业文化催生了江西省特色农产品农户种植群;在传统农业文化与现代商业文化的交融中,催生了各种形式的农村合作经济组织;作为社会网络根植性与社会资本的集群文化,降低了农户与农户、农户与企业之间的交易成本,同时增加了交易收益,从而使得集群产生巨大的协同效应。在特色农业产业集群的发展过程中,文化生态的内部结构优化、外联结构优化及纵向结构优化是集群发展的文化根源,并以江西泰和乌鸡产业集群为例进行了阐释。     

日本稻作生态农业发展途径与模式

生态农业通过农业与自然环境以及社会经济的平衡,实现农业的可持续发展,是未来农业发展的重要方向之一.水稻是日本重要农作物之一,也是我国农业的重要组成部分.通过回顾和总结日本稻作生态农业的发展途径与模式,尤其是在稻鸭(鱼)共作等有机农业生态模式、农业耕作技术和水稻多功能性方面所取得的成就的基础上,为我国水稻生态种植生产提供参考和建议.