Financial statement change and equity risk

While financial statement analysis is a rich tool, there is no widely used holistic measure of the amount of change in corporate financial statements. Statistical decomposition analysis has been employed as an index of the amount of change, but has fallen into disuse because it does not allow negative accounting numbers. As a remedy, this paper suggests three distance measures adapted from cluster analysis that avoid this critical data limitation. We successfully apply these proposed distance measures to explain the total and systematic risk of stock returns (in the CAPM and Fama–French model), corporate bond ratings, and corporate distress.     

鉴证咨询行业的成本控制问题及措施

随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入以及经济全球化的大体趋势,鉴证咨询行业得到了蓬勃的发展。在保证行业正常优质运行的情况下,节约成本可以给企业带来更多利润,促进企业资金周转加速,促使企业的发展空间拓宽。要解决鉴证咨询行业在成本控制当中出现的问题,则应当做好成本指标分解,建立成本控制组织体系,开发成本信息系统,建立切实可行的目标责任成本,综合发动企业各部门、各成员对于成本控制的积极性,从而形成合力。     

RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL HOLES: AN ASSESSMENT ON MEASUREMENT ISSUES

Social capital theory generally analyses network structures by focusing on the connections between players. However, it has been suggested by several authors that the absence of relations in a network or ‘structural holes’ is meaningful. The aim of our paper is to provide a global survey and appraisal of the academic research on structural holes and discuss its main measurements. We adopt a bibliometric approach and identify a typology of practices, developments, and issues related to structural holes. We highlight a strand of work on operationalization of structural holes, and discuss the various measures they propose. We provide numerical examples emphasizing the respective advantages and limitations of the studied measures. Based on our results, we propose a guide to using existing measures of structural holes according to the type (simple or complex) of network.     

提高财会人员综合素养的有效举措

我国正处于经济市场体制改革的重要阶段,企业想要全面提高市场竞争力,就需要做好财会人员综合素养的提升。当前我国的企业财会团队正处于知识基础不扎实、职业道德水平不足、专业技能认识较低的发展阶段,想要全面提高财会人员的综合素质,需要加大对会计部门的监督力度。通过业务培训、道德教育和法律素养的提升,保证会计信息的准确性和安全性,企业会计人才培养能够更好地满足现代化经济社会的发展需求,助力国有企业经济体制改革,提高企业市场竞争力,优化企业管理制度。     

On the credit and exchange rate channels of central bank asset purchases in a monetary union

Throughout the euro area crisis, financial fragmentation across jurisdictions became a prime concern for the single monetary policy. The ECB broadened the scope of its instruments and enacted a series of non-standard measures to engineer an appropriate degree of policy accommodation. The transmission of these measures through the currency union remained highly dependent on the financial structure and conditions prevailing in various regions. This paper explores the country-specific macroeconomic transmission of selected non-standard measures from the ECB using a global DSGE model with a rich financial sector: we extend the six-region multi-country model of Darracq Pariès et al. (2016), introducing credit and exchange rate channels for central bank asset purchases. The portfolio rebalancing frictions are calibrated to match the sovereign yield and exchange rate responses after ECB's Asset Purchase Programme (APP) first announcement. The domestic transmission of the APP through the credit intermediation chain is significant and quite heterogenous across the largest euro area countries. The introduction of global portfolio frictions on euro area government bond holdings by international investors opens up for a larger depreciation of the euro. The interaction between international and domestic channels affect the magnitude and the cross-country distribution of the APP impact.     

Harmonization of food trade standards and regulations in ASEAN: the case of Malaysia's food imports

Regulatory heterogeneity continues to be identified as a challenge for food trade in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the progress of harmonization of food standards among member states remains slow. Using a new and comprehensive database on nontariff measures (NTMs), this article examines the coverage, frequency, and diversity of NTMs for the food sector in Malaysia, and then estimates their impact on food imports from ASEAN. The food sector in Malaysia is found to be highly regulated, dominated by technical measures, namely, labeling for sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade reasons, product quality, and restricted substances. The empirical results subsequently verify that, overall, technical measures are import restrictive. This article therefore contends that harmonization of food standards and regulations at the regional level is important for enhancing trade. However, building common ground for food safety regulations should be NTM‐ and sector‐specific, to realize progress in terms of regulatory convergence. This is particularly true for the food sector, since complete harmonization is not practical and not politically feasible.     

Existence,uniqueness, and stability of optimal payoffs of eligible assets

In a capital adequacy framework, risk measures are used to determine the minimal amount of capital that a financial institution has to raise and invest in a portfolio of prespecified eligible assets in order to pass a given capital adequacy test. From a capital efficiency perspective, it is important to be able to do so at the lowest possible cost and to identify the corresponding portfolios, or, equivalently, their payoffs. We study the existence and uniqueness of such optimal payoffs as well as their behavior under a perturbation or an approximation of the underlying capital position. This behavior is naturally linked to the continuity properties of the set‐valued map that associates to each capital position the corresponding set of optimal eligible payoffs. Upper continuity can be ensured under fairly natural assumptions. Lower continuity is typically less easy to establish. While it is always satisfied in a polyhedral setting, it generally fails otherwise, even when the reference risk measure is convex. However, lower continuity can often be established for eligible payoffs that are close to being optimal. Besides capital adequacy, our results have a variety of natural applications to pricing, hedging, and capital allocation problems.     

基于事故致因“2-4”模型的粮堆埋人事故原因分析及预防对策研究

粮堆埋人事故发生率高,人员生还率低.为研究事故发生原因和预防措施,采用事故致因"2-4"模型对46起粮堆埋人事故进行分析.首先,从个人层面分析事故的直接原因和间接原因;其次,从组织层面分析事故发生的根本原因和根源原因;最后,构建粮堆埋人事故致因链,提出预防对策.结果表明:在不稳定粮堆表面作业、安全培训不到位等不安全动作和挡粮板设计不合理等不安全物态是导致事故的直接原因;安全知识不足、安全意识不高和安全习惯不佳是事故发生的间接原因;安全检查制度、外包管理制度、安全设施设备管理制度等的缺欠和落实不到位,结拱、挂壁处理和粮食出入仓作业规程等的缺欠或未严格规范人员作业是事故发生的根本原因;事故发生的根源原因是安全文化缺欠.     

Relationship between environmental performance and financial performance: an empirical analysis of japanese corporations

The hypotheses that a firm's environmental performance has a positive impact on its financial performance and vice versa are statistically supported by Japanese data. However, this tendency for two‐way positive interaction appears to be only a relatively recent phenomenon. The tendency for realizing the two‐way interaction is not limited to the top‐scoring firms in terms of both financial and environmental performance. On the contrary, this is also a trend that can be observed fairly generally. Obviously, when we consider only scores of those companies that published the relevant information in their environmental reports, and conduct the statistical causality test with such information as additional input to the pooled time‐series and cross‐section data of financial performance, the results become more strongly significant. From the recent experience of environmental policies in Japan, we infer that information‐based environmental policy measures are effective to encourage the ongoing transition toward a more sustainable market economy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.