产业共性技术扩散三阶段模型构建与仿真研究

结合产业共性技术相关理论与技术扩散模型，以政府作用为调节变量，构建产业共性技术扩散的三阶段仿真模型，对产业共性技术扩散三阶段演化特征进行探讨，借助Matlab平台对主体采纳行为和共性技术扩散速度进行仿真，并以我国新能源汽车产业共性技术扩散为例对仿真结果进行实证检验。研究结果表明：产业共性技术扩散先后经历了权威决策、二次创新以及附随扩散3个阶段;产业共性技术扩散的企业采纳比例遵循“S”型曲线规律，而产业共性技术扩散速度出现了“上升-下降-再上升”的“N”型走势;直接采纳二次研发成果的企业，对产业共性技术扩散影响较大;政府在整个产业共性技术扩散过程中发挥关键作用，但在扩散不同阶段政府介入方式与程度会有所差异;二次创新投入比例与成功率影响产业共性技术扩散规模和速度;只有将产业共性技术转化成专有技术或新产品，才能实现共性技术有效扩散。     

The dynamics of firms in a micro-to-macro model: The role of training, learning and innovation

We analyze the co-evolution of the performances of firms and of the economy in an evolutionary micro-to-macro model of the Swedish economy. The model emphasizes the interactions between human capital (or competences) and technological change at the firm level and their effects on aggregate growth, taking into account the micro-macro feedbacks. The model features learning-by-doing, incremental and radical innovations, user-producer learning at the firm level, and a change in the techno-economic paradigm. We find that there is an optimal sequence for the firm to allocate their resources: (1) build a general human capital stock before the change in the techno-economic paradigm, (2) spend on R&D, and (3) invest in specific human capital. Innovators fare better than imitators on average, not only because they innovate, but also because they build a competence base, which supports the learning from other firms.     

Role of network structure and network effects in diffusion of innovations

Why does diffusion of innovation sometimes propagate throughout the whole population, and why at other times does it halt in its interim process? The current paper provides a potential answer to this question by developing a simple computational model of social networks. The proposed computational approach incorporating small-world graphs enables the authors to find that diffusion of innovation is more likely to fail in a random network than in a highly clustered network of consumers. A marketing implication is that the choice of initial target groups and their network structures matter in influencing whether an innovation makes full or partial penetration, in markets where network effects plays a role.     

技术扩散能否成为区域创新效率提升的新动能——研发要素流动视角

基于研发要素流动视角,利用我国内地30个省市2002-2017年面板统计数据,通过空间杜宾模型和面板门槛回归模型,对技术扩散影响区域创新效率提升情况进行探究。研究结果发现：我国区域创新效率呈现波动收敛态势,其中,东部创新效率最高,中西部创新效率次之,且两者交替上探下潜;技术扩散能够驱动区域创新效率提升,其中,本土技术扩散表现出显著的边际递减驱动力,而国际技术扩散呈现出不显著的边际递增驱动力;技术扩散能够引发研发要素流动,其中,研发资本流动能够积极改善区域创新效率,而研发人员流动表现出抑制作用。     

Understanding the intention to use mobile shopping applications and its influence on price sensitivity

This study employs an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of diffusion of innovations (DOI) to understand the intention to use mobile commerce applications for shopping purposes. The variables—perceived enjoyment, perceived risk and personal innovativeness—were added to the original model. The price sensitivity criterion was predicted using the variables—perceived risk, personal innovativeness, satisfaction and the intention to use. An online questionnaire was circulated nationwide through email to verified e-commerce users and a sample of 675 respondents was taken for analysis through structural equation modeling approach. Gender, experience and frequency of using mobile shopping applications were used as moderators for all relationships. Findings of this study reveal that personal innovativeness and perceived risk play a major role in deciding the intention to use mobile shopping applications. Users who are highly innovative and with a higher intention to use mobile shopping applications are less sensitive to price. Various managerial implications including applications to differential pricing, improving adoption pace and segmenting consumers to design marketing strategies are discussed.     

关于城市郊区化本质的讨论

城市郊区化的过程是一个典型的系统演化过程 ,文章分析了城市郊区化的机制。在此基础上 ,对一些有关城市郊区化的问题进行了讨论 ,得出的结论为 :“空心化”不是城市郊区化的本质特征 ;以中心城人口的绝对减少作为城市郊区化的判据有不合理之处 ;城市郊区化是动态的 ,复杂的过程 ,而不是一成不变的绝对的过程     

技术扩散条件下的产业集群研究

本文首次在圆周城市模型的假定下．研究了技术扩散条件下的厂商地址选择问题。在没有技术进步的条件下，厂商选择离散的地址设厂，不可能形成产业集群；在有技术进步和技术溢出的条件下，如果一个厂商进行研究开发而另一个厂商选择搭便车，则不存在厂址选择的对称纯策略均衡，也不可能形成产业集群；如果两个厂商都进行研究开发，且存在技术的互补性，则产业集群肯定可以形成。     

Does strategy matter? A comparison of broadband rollout policies in Finland and Sweden

This study investigates broadband policies applied in Finland and Sweden with special reference to the geographical coverage of the required network infrastructure. These two Nordic countries are seen as forerunners in the development of the information society, and they also share several other similarities bearing relevance to the take-up of broadband. However, they have applied different broadband strategies: Sweden, one of the first-movers in this field, already launched its ambitious and interventionist national ICT infrastructure program in 2000, whereas the Finnish broadband strategy, published in 2003, largely relies on market forces. The present article analyses these broadband strategies, and attempts to identify their actual differences. It appears that the Finnish strategy caused temporary higher broadband prices and a somewhat slower rollout. However, the current results of the two countries’ strategies in terms of coverage and usage levels, as well as end-user prices, do not indicate any significant long-term policy-induced impacts.     

How do conventions evolve?

The paper argues that, even in the absence of bureaucratic inertia, the transition from one convention to a superior one can be blocked. Because of the self-reinforcing mechanism generated by coordination effects, the economy can be locked-in to an Pareto-inferior convention. In the framework of evolutionary game theory, convention appears to be an evolutionary stable strategy. We show that the endogenous diffusion of a superior convention is possible but requires the presence of some social or cultural differentiation in order that coordination effects can be localized. The social or cultural links provide no information about the structure of the game, but help people to coordinate themselves by providing external points of reference. We construct a model where matching between agents respects a certain localization of interactions related to social or cultural similarity. These results are used to enlighten the surprising success of japanese labor management in US and UK transplants.     

基于需求方企业的循环技术扩散机制研究

发展循环经济的关键在于激励循环技术在企业间低成本快速扩散,然而循环技术向中小企业扩散存在不少障碍,为此,政府应通过绿色价格机制和各项政策调节企业绿色利润,以提高中小企业应用循环技术的积极性,此外,政府支持、市场主导下的生态园区的发展在循环技术扩散中也起着重要的作用.