Resettlement's impact on the domestic economy in lake restoration:case study of Poyang Lake region

The Chinese government started a lake restoration project in Poyang Lake region 10 years ago,and the expost monitor of the migrants' livelihoods was limited.This paper compares the composition difference of domestic income and domestic consumption between migration and non-migration villages in Poyang Lake region.The results show that the migrants' domestic income has increased in the last 10 years,which originated from the increasing trend of active and extensive rural labor migration,while the resettlement has not influenced the domestic income significantly.The resettlement stimulates younger farmers to work far away from home whose wages contribute nearly 80% of domestic income.The resettlement decreases their savings due to higher expenditure of daily life for those who work far away from home,and higher expenditure of food for those who stay at home,losing cultivated lands with irrigation system for vegetable.On the other hand,the increase of rural labor migration leads the migrants who stay at home to have access to more cultivated lands for rice and cotton,and the farmers also apply more fertilizer in the same cultivated land for more agriculture products.The resettlement makes most of migrants spend their savings on the improvement of their housing conditions due to not enough governmental financial support for new building.After the analysis,some factors that influence migrants' income and consumption are discussed.The paper may contribute to the building of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.     

Social risks and challenges in post-disaster resettlement: the case of Lake Nyos,Cameroon

This paper examines contemporary challenges in post-disaster resettlement in Cameroon. The focus is on the ongoing post-disaster experiences of survivors who were resettled in seven camps after the Lake Nyos Disaster in 1986. Empirical data obtained at the Ukpwa Waindo resettlement camp were used for analysis of impoverishment due to relocation and resettlement. Cameroon’s weak macroeconomic situation that started a quarter century ago had serious consequences for the country’s socio-economic trends, which is partly responsible for the slow recovery of disaster survivors. However, an analysis of social vulnerability using Cernea’s Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction model shows how the involuntary resettlement of disaster survivors has itself created deep seated socio-economic and cultural consequences. By analysing their socio-economic situation, this article shows that resettlement is not merely a housing solution, but a complex, multi-dimensional process, with potentially very high negative impact if not properly planned and implemented. Therefore, the lessons learnt from this resettlement experience can be applied to ensure that resettlement becomes an opportunity to improve resilience and living conditions of the stricken population, and reduce exposure to disaster risk. There is urgent need for the government to tackle these long-term socio-economic problems faced by the disaster survivors, and to develop an effective policy to reconstruct, protect, improve or at least restore the livelihoods of those subject to resettlement.     

鄱阳湖区土地利用演化与对农业经济的影响

以鄱阳湖区为研究对象,利用19851、995、2000、2005年的遥感解译数据,结合地理信息系统的空间分析和数理统计功能以及SPSS统计分析软件,对1985—2005年间的土地利用/覆盖格局和动态演变规律进行分析,揭示了近20年来土地利用变化的时空特点,并对其主要驱动因素进行了重点研究。结果表明:①不同时期土地利用/覆盖的变化既有相似之处,又有所差别。在土地利用/覆盖变化类型中,耕地与水域之间的双向转换非常频繁;草地与耕地,草地与林地之间的转化所占比例也较大;而建设用地是造成对耕地占用最多的土地利用类型;同时每个时段由于发展的目标不同,又有一些独特的土地利用/覆盖变化特征。②近些年来,土地利用/土地覆盖动态演变主要是由政策因素、人口增长和农业经济效应等因素共同驱动作用的结果。     

区域农业可持续发展度评价——以环洞庭湖区为例

要实现区域农业可持续发展,首先就必须对其发展现状进行识别与判定,其次在理解区域农业可持续发展度的基础上,建立农业可持续发展度数学模型;并运用这一模型对环洞庭湖区1998—2006年农业可持续发展水平进行评价。最后得出结论:1998年农业处于不可持续发展的状态,其余各年洞庭湖区农业处于弱可持续发展状态;并针对今后环洞庭湖区农业可持续发展提出相关的对策建议。     

洞庭湖观鸟旅游发展现状及对策

观鸟旅游是生态旅游重要的表现形式。其经济、社会、环境效益得到了国际国内学术界的关注,洞庭湖丰富的鸟类资源是开展观鸟旅游的良好基础。文章详细分析了洞庭湖观鸟旅游资源及发展现状和面临的主要问题,并提出了相应的发展策略。     

美国城郊型湖泊生态旅游开发的成功与启示——以尚普兰湖为例

文章从旅游形象策划宣传、旅游基础设施建设、旅游产品开发等多方位阐述了美国尚普兰湖生态旅游开发模式,认为其在发展旅游及相关产业、保护自然资源环境、促进社区效益等方面均取得了很大成功,其长远的规划、有效的管理机制、立法保护环境、开发产品中的精品意识以及与当地社区旅游相结合等经验,为国内类似城郊型湖泊的旅游开发提供了有益借鉴和启示。     

巢湖流域生态服务功能价值研究

生态服务功能是区域社会经济可持续发展的支撑和保障,本文运用Costanza等人的理论和方法,因地制宜地开展了巢湖流域生态服务功能的货币化研究。结果表明,2006年巢湖流域生态服务功能总价值为2 291.74亿元,为当年流域GDP(1 885.42亿元)的1.216倍。进而对巢湖流域生态服务功能价值的空间分布、不同生态类型服务功能的价值贡献以及流域生态服务功能的价值构成进行了分析,结果发现目前巢湖流域可持续发展的生态支撑不足,而治理富营养化是提升巢湖流域生态服务功能水平的关键。     

建设鄱阳湖生态经济区的理论思考

文章根据江西省提出的建设＂鄱阳湖生态经济区＂的战略构想,结合鄱阳湖生态经济区的区位、资源、产业等优势,对所依托的可持续理论、系统工程理论、增长极理论、创新理论、产业群理论进行深入分析,以期凸显科学理论的指导作用,为推动鄱阳湖生态经济区的规划、建设提供有力的决策参考。     

洱海流域城乡经济发展与洱海湖泊水环境保护的实证分析

以云南大理市洱海及其流域为例,通过建立湖泊水质指标演变与流域人均GDP增长的计量模型,对环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)进行新的检验发现:基于时间序列数据的洱海水质指标与流域人均GDP的拟合曲线,与环境库兹涅茨曲线相比较呈现了不同特征和形状:既有经典的倒U型的曲线,也有U型、N型和同步型的曲线。倒U型的曲线表明洱海治理措施的有效性;U型、N型和同步型的曲线表明湖泊面源污染和富营养化控制的复杂性,湖泊面源污染和富营养化控制需要寻求的新解决思路和多种措施的配合。在借鉴国外经验和国内有价值的研究成果的基础上,本研究将有利于通过结构调整对面源污染从源头实施总量控制,推进"工程治污"与"结构控源"措施的优化与配合,辅助湖泊水环境的规划与管理及决策。     

种植业保险需求调查分析

我国是世界上自然灾害最为频繁的国家之一。灾害种类多、频度高、分布广、损失大。2003、2004、2005年农业成灾面积占播种面积的比重分别为21.33%、10.61%、12.84%。近几年灾害造成的粮食损失每年都在400亿公斤以上,经济损失每年都在600亿元以上。种植业保险是降低种植业风险的有效手段,伴随灾害而来的巨大损失使越来越多的农民保险意愿日益强烈。在这种情势下,种植业保险却出现了日益萎缩的怪现象,陷入了"供给不足,需求有限"的困境。笔者对鄱阳湖湖区进行了实地调查分析,以求解决种植业保险的供给与需求矛盾。