模糊加权群决策方法在汽车配件供应商选择中应用

文章提出了一种考虑主客观属性的模糊多属性群体决策方法。考虑了决策数据的模糊性,在群决策过程中,语言变量使用梯形模糊数表示,评定各个候选对象的属性权重。该方法结合模糊集理论和简单线性加权,由异质的决策委员会得出的评价总分。该方法应用于汽车行业的零件供应商及合作伙伴选择问题,并验证了方法的可行性。     

产业共生理论发展现状及应用研究

文章从共生的起源以及共生的哲学涵义出发,探讨产业共生的内涵、产业共生模式的差异以及其在社会经济领域中的应用.从中总结出产业共生的内涵包括自组织演化、共同进化、合理分工及合作竞争机制,并且这四个方面存在着内在本质的联系.共生在工业生态领域、企业管理领域、技术创新领域以及区域经济合作等得到了广泛的应用.产业共生理论是未来研究中的一大热门话题,未来的研究中可以在已有的共生模式的基础上深入探讨三个或者三个以上共生单元之间的共生模式,将产业共生理论与演化经济学等结合起来.     

Economics: Its History,Themes, Approaches

This article is not concerned with “A Theory of Value” or “The Theory of Value.” It is strictly limited to a discussion of the concepts specified in its title and consists of three parts. The first of these is concerned with ideas of Charles Sanders Peirce and is based upon a study of his published and unpublished papers contained in the eight-volume edition of his Collected Works.¹ The second part is concerned with ideas of Clarence Ayres, primarily those presented in his Toward A Reasonable Society [Ayres 1961]. The third part contains some brief concluding remarks.     

Reassessing the fundamentals and beyond: Ronald Coase,the transaction cost and resource‐based theories of the firm and the institutional structure of production

In this paper, three points are argued. The first is that Ronald Coase, best known as the forefather of transaction cost theory, foresaw many of the critical questions that proponents of the resource‐based view are concerned with today. The second is that resource‐based theory plays a potentially much more critical role in economic theory and in explaining the institutional structure of production than even many resource‐based scholars recognize. The last point is that a more complete understanding of the organization of economic activity requires a greater sensitivity to the interdependence of production and exchange relations. The arguments presented in this paper highlight important, but relatively ignored, elements in Coase's work that inform strategy research. More importantly, this paper makes the case for a triangular alignment between the triumvirate of governance structure, transaction, and resource attributes and demonstrates how the identity and strategy of a particular firm influences how its resources interact with the transaction and how the firm chooses to govern it. The general argument is then applied to the context of interfirm collaborative relations, where the key focus is broadened from just cost to also include skills/knowledge and the interdependence between cost and skills with respect to firm boundaries, both in terms of choice and nature. Such a broadening of focus enables us to additionally examine the transacting process as a productive endeavor, which underpins the co‐evolution of the competencies of partner firms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why Do Prices Remain Stable in the Bubble and Bust Period?

In spite of a large swing in real output growth in the bubble and bust period, aggregate prices remained relatively stable in Japan. Empirical results show that such price rigidity can be explained by the customer market model combined with financial constraints. The degree of financial constraints that firms face in the bubble and bust period fluctuates significantly, and the impact of financial positions on firms’ prices is counter-cyclical. In booms, liquidity-abundant firms invest in market share by keeping prices down, while in a recession financially constrained firms charge a high price to locked-in customers who remain loyal. Such counter-cyclicality is clearly observed in the pricing behavior of large firms that produce differentiated goods. In contrast, small firms whose product brand is not well established in the market cannot lock in customers, and hence financial constraints do not affect their pricing decisions.     

一体化教学模式探究与实践

随着职业教育教学改革的不断深入,我校进行了一体化教学模式的探讨与实践。从教学理念的树立,一体化双师队伍的打造,校本教材的设计开发,教学方法的运用,教学评价机制的建立等多方面进行创新改革,进一步提升了学校教师队伍素质,激发了学生学习的兴趣和动力,提高了教学质量及培训效率。     

创建中国经济学的思考

经济学目前在中国处于困境中,要使经济学能成为指导中国进行社会主义经济建设的基础理论,必须进行经济学理论创新。创建中国经济学必须在思路上有新突破、马克思主义经济学基础理论上有新发展、传统观念上有根本的转变,同时需具备相应的人才条件。     

城市群空间层级的定量分析--一种方法的引入及在长江三角洲城市群中的应用

文章首先介绍了城市群的基本概念和功能,然后指出城市群空间层级对城市存在重大影响;接着引入了一种新的研究方法,从城市地理空间、城市规模、城市功能及城市开放度四个方面来综合考察城市群的空间层级结构,并应用该方法对长三角城市群的空间层级进行了研究分析,在此基础上对     

Reprint of “Sensitive translations: Sensitive dimension and knowledge within two craftsmen's workplaces”

In our paper we address the issue of the relations between knowledge and the sensitive dimension by taking into account and comparing the contribution to the production of a chair deployed by two craftsmen working within the Italian design furniture industry sector.Relying on an ethnographic account of their work, we have been able to describe in detail the way in which the interaction among the bodies of the two craftsmen and those of the artifacts they contribute to develop takes place and gives way to innovation.By taking into account the role of bodies and the sensitive dimension we outline a contribution to Actor-Network Theory and its theory of knowledge.Indeed, in this article we propose a model of working knowledge in order to account for corporal interaction on the workplace. In our model there are two axes to describe the interactions among bodies. In the first one interaction moves from detail to the whole. In the second, interaction moves from an engaged position to a disengaged one. In so doing, we are able to draw a space of corporal knowledge. The craftsman's skill lies in his/her capacity to move within this space and to let knowledge grow while moving within it.     

Comparative Urbanism and the ‘Asian City': Implications for Research and Theory

While voices in the comparative urbanism literature call for researchers to approach comparison with more experimental and critical methodologies, there remains no consensus on how to design and realize these studies. This essay examines the implications of comparative urbanism for researching the ‘Asian City'. Given the critique of existing modes of comparison embedded in recent calls for a new comparative urbanism, researchers are faced with a number of pressing questions: How do we approach this ‘regional' topic in a way that both resists categorizing the ‘Asian City' as an exotic ‘other', elevating it onto a mythical pedestal, yet appreciates its differences, localisms and unique ‘cosmopolitan vernacular' (Clifford, 1997; Werbner and Modood, 1997)? This essay thus highlights the multiple challenges of applying the comparative lens to the ‘Asian City', arguing that broader conceptualizations of the ‘Asian City' help to address the dangers in isolating Asian research into its own canon of parochial urban theory and offering a greater diversity of possibilities for justifying case selection in comparative approaches. In doing so, we hope that this essay responds to the comparative turn by illuminating to some extent its inherent complexity and methodological challenges.