用标准样地进行耕地质量动态监测与预警探讨

研究目的:农用地分等成果中的标准样地能代表其所在小区域耕地质量特征,对设定范围内一定数量的标准样地进行监测,结合农用地分等结果,可以掌握该范围内耕地质量的变化情况,基于此探索建立耕地质量动态监测与预警体系。研究方法:用标准样地结合遥感、GIS等手段构建体系。研究结果:给出基于标准样地的耕地质量动态监测与预警体系初步框架。研究结论:耕地质量动态监测与预警的实现是国土资源由数量管理向数量、质量并重管理的重要技术基础。     

省域耕地整理潜力综合评价--以江苏省为例

耕地整理是实现耕地数量保护与质量提升于一体的经济可行的手段之一。在耕地整理数量潜力和质量潜力分析的基础上,借助于层次聚类分析法和多因素综合评定法对江苏省各地区耕地整理综合潜力进行了分级研究,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

城市耕地保护规模及对策研究——以长沙市为例

随着城市化进程的加快,我国城市规模也在迅速扩大,城市边缘区耕地在比较利益的驱动下成为建设用地扩张的主要目标。城市耕地保护规模的确定已成为控制建设用地扩张,缓解耕地非农化压力的关键。以长沙市为例,分析了耕地变化的特征,并采用粮食安全预测法对耕地保护的规模进行了测算,在此基础上,探讨了耕地保护的实现途径。     

农地边际化进程理论和实证研究

当农地利用的纯收益逐年降低,且其后出现农地利用集约度降低和相应农作物播种面积减少甚至农地的弃耕撂荒现象时,就出现了农地的边际化现象.农地在边际化的进程中会经历不同的边际化阶段,不同阶段的边际化程度不同,可分为初始边际化、中期边际化、完全边际化.本文依托湖北省通城县的实地调查资料结合统计资料,研究了通城县的两种代表性农地--水田和旱地的边际化进程.结果表明:同种类型的农地的边际化程度随着时间的推移而变化,不同类型农地的边际化进程也有差别.在通城县,旱地的边际化进程快于水田.一般来说,边际化会导致相应农作物的播种面积减少,而完全边际化会直接导致农地的弃耕撂荒.     

土地整治发展的理论视野、理性范式和战略路径

当前中国土地整治仍处于起步和探索阶段,缺少必要和充分的理论准备、理性范式和战略思考。缺乏理论指导的事业发展是带有盲目性的,而土地整治的基础理论问题研究可以为土地整治的发展提供依据和指导。理论基础和战略是关系到土地整治系统生存和发展的根本,惟有重视基础理论研究,才能不断推进土地整治由初级向高级阶段发展。通过规范分析和逻辑分析,研究表明：土地整治的理论视野应当从实体形态到功能系统;土地整治的理性范式包括工具理性、价值理性和交换理性;土地整治的工程定位应当从项目区到生态农场;土地整治的战略路径应从应急目标到系统方案。     

Can the small dairy farm remain competitive in US agriculture?

Smaller dairy farms in the US are observed to have higher costs than larger farms, and whether those higher costs are due to technology or inefficiency has implications for policy to address the small farm. If high cost of production on smaller farms is due to a higher cost frontier, then to make small farms competitive would require research to devise and design technology that is suitable for small farms. If instead high cost is due to inefficiency, then educational approaches are needed to ensure small dairy farms use technology efficiently. To determine the cause of higher costs on small farms, the cost of milk production by farm size was decomposed into frontier and efficiency components with a stochastic cost curve using data on USA dairy farms. Although the frontier cost of production decreases with farm size, that cost reduction is not as pronounced as a cost curve that includes inefficiency. The higher cost of production on many smaller farms is caused by inefficiency rather than technology.     

Small Banks, Small Business, and Relationships: An Empirical Study of Lending to Small Farms

We examine small banks lending to small farms. We find that relationships, as measured by the length of tenure of farm operators, are positively related to bank lending. We also find that de novo banks have a positive tendency to lend to small farms. When existing relationships between borrowers and incumbent lenders are stronger, de novo banks have greater difficulties in lending to small farms. We further find that, even within the category of small banks, lending to small farms (as a percentage of a banks assets) tends to decrease as the bank increases in size.     

A Production Model With Firm-Specific Temporal Variation in Technical Inefficiency: With Application to Spanish Dairy Farms

This paper introduces a stochastic frontier production model which accommodates firm-specific temporal variation in technical inefficiency. Unlike Cornwell, Schmidt and Sickles (1990), technical inefficiency is not modeled through the intercept of the production frontier, but through an error component model. The proposed model is a generalization of the Battese and Coelli (1992) model, which imposed a common temporal pattern upon all firms. In our application involving Spanish dairy farms, we find that the new model is preferred to the Battese and Coelli (1992) model on the basis of the likelihood ratio test. Results provide a new source of information on the different patterns of technical inefficiency change among the 82 farms in the sample.     

农业综合开发与耕地保护

本文讨论了农业综合开发和耕地保护的概念,论述了农业综合开发与耕地保护的关系及农业综合开发对耕地保护的作用,分析了当前存在的问题并提出了相应的对策。