土地可持续利用机制研究综述

土地可持续利用一直是我国经济发展中的重大现实问题,引起理论界的极大关注。研究方法多样,学科分类庞杂。从国内外研究情况来看,主流观点一致强调从生态、经济、技术、社会、空间、人与自然相协调、世代伦理等诸多方面阐释土地可持续利用中社会效益、生态效益与经济效益的协调。然而国内外的研究重点有所不同,国内主要集中在耕地保护利用,及土地规划集约利用等方面,而国外侧重于运用模型来分析土地要素在人类与自然协调中的利用。     

小麦-玉米一年两熟丰产高效技术体系经济效益评价——以国家“粮食丰产科技工程”冀中南部粮食主产区为例

以国家“粮食丰产科技工程”河北项目示范核心区所在村为基础，跟踪调查小麦-玉米一年两熟丰产高效技术体系的应用现状。通过对示范户和非示范户经济效益差异的比较得出，以“节水、丰产、节本、增效、均衡增产”为特色的小麦-玉米一年两熟丰产高效技术体系的推广应用，对于增加农户收入作用显着。在此基础上提出“十一五”期间完善新技术体系及其推广长效机制的对策建议。     

新疆边境农牧团场反贫困开发的实证研究

文章采用了问卷调查的方法，并使用SPSS统计分析软件对调查结果进行分析。新疆边境农牧团场的反贫困开发取得了一定的成就，但是由于反贫困开发的政策缺乏系统性及其模式单一等问题，新疆边境农牧团场的经济发展和社会进步依然受到资金、技术、政策等因素的制约，尤其是人力资本缺乏是制约其反贫困开发的根本原因。     

Technology choice and efficiency on Australian dairy farms*

Deregulation of the Australian dairy industry, specifically the removal of price subsidies to ‘market milk’, as well as ongoing drought in many dairy regions, has placed considerable pressure on farm cash income and a search for ways in which dairy farms can be made to operate more efficiently. Using traditional farm survey data and a unique biannual data set on farm technology use, this paper estimates a stochastic production frontier and technical efficiency model for dairy farms in New South Wales and Victoria, determining the relative importance of each input in dairy production, the effects of key technology variables on farm efficiency, and overall farm profiles based on the efficiency rankings of dairy producers. Results show that production exhibits constant returns to scale and although feed concentration and the number of cows milked at peak season matter, the key determinants of differences in dairy farm efficiency are the type of dairy shed used and the proportion of irrigated farm area. Overall farm profiles indicate that those in the ‘high efficiency group’ largely employ either rotary or swing‐over dairy shed technology and have almost three times the proportional amount of land under irrigation.     

黑龙江省高标准基本农田建设项目绩效评价研究——基于耕地质量等级视角

文章以海伦市2个高标准基本农田补建项目为例,运用DELP法和AHP法构建了基于耕地质量视角的高标准基本农田建设绩效评价指标体系和评价模型,探讨了项目区在项目实施前后的耕地质量变化情况,结果表明2个项目区的耕地质量都不同程度的提高,与实际情况高度吻合,为高标准基本农田建设项目绩效评价提供新的科学方法。     

广东国有林场制度创新动力剖析

本文运用制度经济学的有关理论和方法对广东国有林场制度创新动力进行剖析,从现有制度效率低下和制度创新意识缺失两方面论述了广东国有林场需要进行制度创新的原因,提出了广东国有林场制度创新的外源动力与内在动力以及制度创新应遵循的原则。     

县级耕地后备资源调查评价的研究--以开封县为例

耕地后备资源调查评价在国土资源规划、管理、保护和合理利用方面,尤其是在县级土地开发整理规划及土地开发整理项目库建设方面有着重要的作用;阐述了县级耕地后备资源调查评价的目的、原则、任务及工作程序等,并以开封县耕地后备资源调查评价为例,分析了其土地开发整理效益,给出了土地开发整理方法、步骤和相关的政策。     

国有林场改革存在的问题与发展对策研究

国有林场改革过程中面临着诸多深层次的矛盾,存在富余人员的再就业压力较大、经营机制存在滞后性、山区资源开发项目建设资金短缺、社会经济和债务负担沉重等问题和困难,要实现林业跨越式发展,国有林场改革必须全面优化林场内部管理制度、转变自身经营管理体制、完善投资机制、大力发展林产品市场,才能够激发干部职工的工作积极性,增强国有林场经济体制和产品市场的竞争力。     

Agritourism and off‐farm work: survival strategies for small farms

This study considers agritourism and off‐farm work as income diversification choices simultaneously and analyzes factors influencing such choices. Further, the study assesses the impact of agritourism, off‐farm work, and both on gross cash farm income and total farm household income. We utilized large set of nationwide farm survey data and selectivity‐based multinomial choice model. An important finding of our study is that small farms have higher household income if they choose both income diversification strategies rather than a single strategy. Results suggest that education, age of the operator, financial condition, and location of the farm are important factors driving income diversification alternatives. Finally, our study indicates that accounting for selectivity is essential to ensure unbiased and consistent estimates.