区域经济协调发展视角下的科技创新路径探讨——以蓝黄两区为例

区域科技与经济系统的协调发展是实现区域集约型高质量经济增长的突破口,是社会、经济、生态三者获得高效协调统一的重要途径,是区域在不断变化的竞争格局中率先振兴的关键,更是区域凸显比较优势、实现可持续发展的前提条件和基础保障。科技创新在蓝黄统筹发展过程中同样发挥着重要的作用。一方面,科技进步对发展蓝黄统筹新型经济、提高海陆开发和综合管理能力具有重要的支撑引领作用;另一方面,蓝黄经济的统筹发展也能够产生强大的反哺效应,为科技创新奠定雄厚的物质基础。科技创新与蓝黄区域融合发展存在着较强的互动关系,两者相互影响、彼此制衡,其在高效互动状态下能够产生强大合力,推动区域经济社会健康快速发展。     

基于GIS和Logistic回归的环首都经济圈土地利用变化机制研究

运用GIS技术与Logistic回归模型,采用2000~2005年环首都经济圈区域土地利用数据、基础地理数据以及社会经济数据研究了影响该区域土地利用类型变化的驱动机制。分析结果显示,耕地、林地、草地变化模型具有较高的拟合水平,且进入模型的因子与各土地类型变化情况有很高的相关性。该区域耕地、林地变化受自然、社会经济、通达性三大类因素的影响,而草地变化则主要受社会经济及通达性的影响。     

Investment decision-making under economic policy uncertainty

It is widely established that economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects investment decisions and performance, yet research in this area has overlooked the direct property investment market. This article seeks to rectify this and proposes a multistage multilevel analytical framework to offer new insights and a richness of findings. Using a news-based measure of EPU in the United Kingdom, and controlling for economic conditions, a national-level analysis reveals some evidence of Granger-Causality between EPU and total returns, indicating that pricing is responsive to uncertainty. These findings suggest that EPU is an important risk factor for direct property investments, with pricing implications. Differences in data and performance measure are important, however, with income returns unresponsive. A micro-level investigation begins to reveal some of the asset-pricing decisions underpinning the national results, indicating investors’ concerns for income streams are consistently high, regardless of varying EPU. Pricing can also cause changes in EPU, such as in the retail and industrial markets (increasingly linked through logistics) reflecting sector-specific stakeholder groups and newsworthy issues. This evidence highlights how important it is for policy-makers to understand the complex and bi-directional relationship, that indecision can undermine investment confidence and cause investment market volatility, in turn raising EPU.     

An assessment of the economic and environmental potential of biomass production in an agricultural region

The establishment of deep-rooted perennial species and their processing for biomass-based products such as renewable energy can have benefits for both local and global scale environmental objectives. In this study, we assess the potential economic viability of biomass production in the South Australian River Murray Corridor and quantify the resultant benefits for local and global scale environmental objectives. We model the spatial distribution of economically viable biomass production in a Geographic Information System and quantify the model sensitivity and uncertainty using Monte Carlo analysis. The total potentially viable area for biomass production under the Most Likely Scenario is 360,728 ha (57.7% of the dryland agricultural area), producing over 3 million tonnes of green biomass per annum, with a total Net Present Value over 100 years of A$ 88 million. The salinity in the River Murray could be reduced by 2.65 EC (μS/cm) over a 100-year timeframe, and over 96,000 ha of land with high wind erosion potential could be stabilised over a much shorter period. With sufficient generating capacity, our Most Likely Scenario suggests that economically viable biomass production could reduce carbon emissions by over 1.7 million tonnes per annum through the production of renewable energy and a reduced reliance on coal-based electricity generation. Our analyses suggest that biomass production is a potentially viable alternative agricultural system that can have substantial local scale environmental benefits with complimentary global scale benefits for climate change mitigation.     

中国制造业的市场集中、地理集聚与企业绩效

本文研究我国制造业的市场结构与地理分布对企业全要素生产率的影响.以中国工业企业数据库的大样本数据为基础,采用LP法计算企业生产率,构造市场集中度指标和地方化经济、城市化经济两个集聚指标,进行了多方位的计量检验.研究结果表明,制造业的市场集中不利于企业生产率的提高,代表专业化水平的地方化经济促进了企业生产率的提升,度量行业间多样化集聚的城市化经济对企业生产率没有显著的影响.市场集中对出口企业的负面影响不明显,控制市场集中和地理集聚后,出口企业生产率高于非出口企业,出口的“生产率悖论”并不存在.     

The impacts of international tourism demand on economic growth of small economies dependent on tourism

This paper studies the impacts on economic growth of a small tourism-driven economy caused by an increase in the growth rate of international tourism demand. We present a formal model and empirical evidence. The ingredients of the dynamic model are a large population of intertemporally optimizing agents and an AK technology representing tourism production. The model shows that an increase in the growth of tourism demand leads to transitional dynamics with gradually increasing economic growth and increasing terms of trade. In our empirical application, an econometric methodology is applied to annual data of Antigua and Barbuda from 1970 to 2008. We perform a cointegration analysis to look for the existence of a long-run relationship among variables of economic growth, international tourism earnings and the real exchange rate. The exercise confirms the theoretical findings.     

浅谈经济利润对企业绩效的评价

在现实生活中,企业的经营目标是多元化的,而利润是最具有代表性的,它对企业经营绩效和决策的评价有着重要影响。本文从经济学的角度比较会计利润和经济利润对企业经营绩效和决策的评价。     

日本金融服务贸易自由化及其影响的实证分析

从日本经济的发展历程来看,金融服务贸易自由化对其化工产业及其电子信息行业的发展都起到了至关重要的作用。本文依据1985～2008年的日本相关数据,制度性量化指标量化金融服务贸易自由化程度以及估计金融服务贸易自由化程度对人力资本吸收程度、技术吸收程度以及日本经济增长的影响,结论发现金融服务贸易自由化程度越高,人力资本吸收速度越快,技术吸收速度增加对经济增长产生正效应。     

2006年日本经济问题研究综述

对日本经济研究的文献近年来呈不断萎缩趋势。本研究通过综述发表于2006年的659篇关于日本经济的核心期刊论文,回答了"谁在研究日本经济、研究的主要内容、怎样研究"等3个主要问题。可以发现,国内学者的研究兴趣不但取决于日本经济状况,还受中国国内的热点经济问题影响。     

基于变异系数和锡尔指数的中国区域经济差异分析

本文从中国三大经济区的划分入手,选取人均GDP作为测评指标,用变异系数和锡尔指数对1978~2008年的区域差异水平进行定量测度。结果表明:①全国范围内区域经济绝对差异不断拉大,相对差异有所缩小;②东部与中西部差异十分明显,而中西部之间差异不甚明显;③东部地区内部差异呈不断缩小趋势,中部呈波动中下降趋势,西部处于波动中,但总体变化不大。对造成该现象的原因作简要分析,认为主要原因有区域环境、要素投入、制度性因素。