融资约束、金融发展与企业雇佣——来自中国企业调查数据的经验证据

基于世界银行提供的中国企业调查数据,本文分析了融资约束和金融发展对企业雇佣的影响。研究发现:在缓解内生性问题后,融资约束对企业雇佣需求有显著负面影响,即在其他条件不变情况下,企业感知到的融资难度每增加1个单位,其正式员工的雇佣增长率将下降3.1%。以2003年中国人民银行对货币信贷过快增长进行调控为自然实验,发现紧缩性的货币政策操作对企业雇佣需求有显著负面冲击;金融发展可以缓解企业融资约束,且金融发展对企业雇佣的促进作用主要体现在制造业、大中型及发展成长中的企业。本研究为理解金融因素对劳动力市场的需求提供了微观经验证据。     

Should I stay or should I go? Foreign direct investment,employment protection and domestic anchorage

This paper examines theoretically and empirically how employment protection legislation affects location decisions of multinationals. We depart from the “conventional wisdom” by examining not only the effect of protection on inward foreign direct investment (FDI), but also a country’s ability to “anchor” potential outward investment. Based on our simple theoretical framework, we estimate an empirical model, using data on bilateral FDI and employment protection indices for OECD countries, and controlling for other labour market institutions and investment costs. We find that, while an “unfavourable” employment protection differential between a domestic and a foreign location is inimical to FDI, a high domestic level of employment protection tends to discourage outward FDI. The results are in line with our conjecture that strict employment protection in the firm’s home country makes firms reluctant to relocate abroad and keeps them “anchored” at home.     

提高我国高校大学生就业力的途径

当前我国高校大学生就业形势十分严峻,其中一个重要原因就在于大学生就业力的缺失,提升大学生就业力具有重要战略意义。从我国高校大学生就业的现状出发,对高校大学生就业力缺失问题,提出具体的解决途径,为我国大学生就业提供有益的帮助。     

渝东北地区产业结构与就业结构协调发展研究

促进产业结构和就业结构的协调,是实现区域产业结构优化和充分就业的根本途径。渝东北地区是重庆市"一圈两翼"新的发展战略中重要的一个区域,具有三峡库区的特殊性,是重庆市产业发展最为薄弱、就业矛盾最为突出的区域之一,以该区域展开研究,在对其产业结构和就业结构协调性进行实证分析的基础上,提出促进渝东北地区产业、就业结构协调发展的思路与对策,从而培育促进重庆市产业整体协调发展的东北翼增长极。     

大中型城市产业结构变动对就业影响的实证分析——以乌鲁木齐为例

产业结构变动影响就业,乌鲁木齐市各产业产值就业弹性数据清晰地阐明了两者关系密切。实证分析结果表明,第一产业所能吸收的劳动力非常有限,第二产业产值的增长与就业增长不同步,第三产业已经成为拉动就业的主要力量。当前宏观形势严竣,在保经济增长的同时,有必要通过促进产业结构的变动增加就业。     

高职院校体育教学是提升学生就业竞争力的有效途径

体育教学工作是高校工作的重要组成部分,也是高校从事学生就业指导工作不可或缺的力量。针对如何发挥体育教学自身优势,采取各种有效措施提升学生就业竞争力这一问题,可以从加强就业思想教育、大众体育与竞技体育有机结合、体育教学与社会体育相结合,培养学生的吃苦耐劳精神、提升学生健康的心理素质和培养学生的团队合作意识这几个方面来探讨。     

贴近市场办学,提高就业质量——广西高职高专毕业生就业情况分析

对广西63家用人单位进行高职高专毕业生就业情况跟踪调查的结果表明:用人单位在对高职高专毕业生的职场表现给予肯定的同时,也指出高职高专毕业生存在的种种不足。在对调查资料进行分析的基础上,文章针对高职高专毕业生就业状况反映出来的问题提出改进意见,其目的是提高高职高专毕业生的就业质量。     

重庆市两江新区产业布局与劳动力聚合效应研究

比较分析了两江新区和滨海新区的功能区及产业布局,利用就业弹性系数模型对未来10年两江新区产业发展所需的劳动就业数量进行了预测。主要结论是:二、三产业的增长对劳动力就业产生了较强的聚合效应,第一产业产值的增加一定程度上对就业增长产生了"挤出"效应。未来10年,两江新区将聚合劳动力137～142万人。据此,提出了两江新区的产业布局思路,以及发展、促进就业的政策建议。     

Employment discrimination in a former Soviet Union Republic: Evidence from a field experiment

We provide the first experimental evidence about ethnic and gender discrimination in the labor market of a former Soviet Union country, Georgia. We randomly assign Georgian and non-Georgian, male and female, names to similar resumes and apply for jobs as advertised on help-wanted websites in Georgia. We find that gender has no effect on the probability of callback, but a job applicant who is ethnically Georgian is more than twice as likely to be called for a job interview than an equally skilled ethnic non-Georgian (Azerbaijani or Armenian). The 113% ethnic gap in callbacks (167% among males and 79% among females), which is substantially larger than the gap typically documented in the existing literature for both developed and developing countries, is statistically significant and cannot be abridged by having more experience or education. There is no evidence of gender discrimination in callbacks, both within the Georgian group and the non-Georgian group.     

The impact of recent mental health changes on employment: new evidence from longitudinal data

This study uses longitudinal data and four different measures of mental health to tease out the impact of psychiatric disorder onsets and recoveries on employment outcomes. Results suggest that developing a mental health problem leads to a significant increase in the probability of transitioning to non-employment, while a recovery increases the probability of return to work among the not employed with a mental health problem. No consistent effect was found on hours worked and earnings. Research and policy attention is needed with respect to early interventions such as job retention programmes to help workers with mental health problems remain employed as well as interventions that may lead to recovery and return to work. More research is needed especially with data and models that can differentiate between the effects of mental health onsets and recoveries on employment exit and return to work transitions.