How to reduce energy intensity to achieve sustainable development of China's transport sector? A cross-regional comparison analysis

China's transport sector has been attracting great attention for its excessive energy consumption and ever-increasing pollution emissions. Thus, reducing energy intensity is one of the top priorities of China's ongoing transport upgrade. In this paper, by establishing a panel data regression model derived from the Cobb–Douglas cost function, we focus on investigating the impacts of energy price and transport productivity on transport energy intensity at the national and regional levels. The study uses the provincial panel data for 2005–2016 to perform regression analysis. The results show that: (1) energy price has a significantly negative effect on transport energy intensity in the whole China and the eastern region, whereas it has no significant impacts in the central and western China. (2) Improvements in transport productivity can effectively decrease transport energy intensity in the whole China and the three major regions. (3) Applying an extended data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, we decompose transport productivity into four components (i.e., technical change, technology gap change, scale efficiency change, and pure efficiency change) and further differentiate their impacts in different regions. The results indicate that these four components have substantially different impacts in each region. These results provide some valuable insights for policymakers and enterprise entities aiming to adopt measures to reduce energy intensity and achieve sustainable development in China's transport sector.     

The rebound effect on energy efficiency improvements in China’s transportation sector: A CGE analysis

Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations. We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10% in the energy efficiency. We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors, namely rail, road, water, and air travel. The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes. This is particularly true for the air transportation sector, which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1% and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6% because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services. We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment. The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10% generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan, while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector. Furthermore, to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects, we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions. These included economic instruments in the form of energy, environmental, and carbon taxes, household transport consumption structure adjustments, and energy structure adjustments. This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings, emissions reduction, and economic benefits.     

后补贴时代中国新能源汽车产业发展研究

2019年3月,四部委公布新一轮新能源汽车补贴政策,相比2018年标准平均退坡超50%。自政策公布之后,国内新能源汽车市场环境发生巨变,新能源汽车销量增长明显放缓,部分新能源汽车及零部件企业经营困难甚至倒闭,加之以特斯拉为首的外资新能源汽车企业陆续在华设厂投产,使国内新能源汽车市场竞争加剧,下行压力增大,新能源汽车产业正式进入后补贴时代,在此背景下,需要政府部门、相关企业重新评估市场现状,制定新的新能源汽车产业发展战略和路径,推动产业持续健康地发展。     

山区生活耗能结构的转换

能源建设是山区建设的一个重要组成部分,本文通过对鄂西山区秭归县生活耗能的调查与分析,展现了该区目前生活耗能的现状及其恶性效应,进而提出了耗能结构的转换思路及机制。     

农作物面积空间抽样调查研究进展

农作物面积信息对于准确估计农作物产量、制定农业政策和确保国家粮食安全具有重要意义。该文主要总结了国内外农作物面积空间抽样调查方法,主要回顾了美国、欧盟和中国的农作物面积空间抽样调查的发展历程。该文还预测了农作物面积空间抽样调查的发展趋势,希望能对农作物面积调查的研究和应用提供指导。     

宁东能源化工基地水务管理体制改革成效与发展对策

探讨了宁夏宁东能源化工基地供水工程水务一体化管理体制改革模式及取得的成效,分析了改革中存在的问题,提出了进一步加快并深化水务管理体制改革的对策措施,为宁夏回族自治区水务管理体制改革提供示范,为西北干旱缺水地区乃至全国工业基地水务管理体制改革提供借鉴。     

能源价格市场化改革中政府职能的定位

十八届三中全会提出了对能源价格进行市场化改革的要求。从现有的能源价格形成机制向具有竞争性的市场化方向推进,主要的方式为放松政府对能源各领域、各环节的不当管控,尽可能地减少行政干预,让市场自由地进行价格确认并进行能源配置。给予市场更多的自主权的同时,仍然要注意发挥政府引导和监督的作用。能源市场体系的建立、秩序的维护、基础设施的建设、非竞争性能源市场的维护等众多问题仍是政府公共服务领域的重要职能。     

实现可再生能源法律保障的若干政策建议

《修正案》全面地体现出我国以立法形式对可再生能源的发展提供阶段性扶持、培育与引导的初衷。文章从加强国家的全局统筹力度、建立保障性收购制度、引导企业提高核心技术能力、加强可再生能源发展的资金保障等几个方面对《修正案》进行了解读,从法律与市场主体行为间的联动机制、经济性、各级政府的分解落实、监督配套机制、电价制定机制和可再生能源发展基金的具体管理与运作等方面,分析了《修正案》在实施过程中可能遇到的困惑及立法的局限性,提出了有针对性的建议。     

能源消费与广东经济增长的动态特征研究

能源消费与经济增长密切相关。本文运用基于向量自回归模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,对广东省1985～2008年能源消费与经济增长两者之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,广东省经济增长对能源消费具有较强的依赖性,经济增长对能源消费贡献率较低。