On the Application of Conditional Independence to Ordinal Data

A special log linear parameterization is described for contingency tables which exploits prior knowledge that an ordinal scale of the variables is involved. It is helpful, in particular, in guiding the possible merging of adjacent levels of variables and may simplify interpretation if higher-order interactions are present. Several sets of data are discussed to illustrate the types of interpretation that can be achieved. The simple structure of the maximum likelihood estimates is derived by use of Lagrange multipliers.     

Laffont and Tirole's Competition in Telecommunications : A View From the US

This article briefly reviews Competition in Telecommunications by Laffont andTirole (2000); it presents the major conclusions of the book and corrects certain errors. In addition, this article treats related topics, some specific to the US telecommunications industry. In US telecommunications access to incumbents facilities are priced based on cost model estimates. Several of the important sources of misunderstandings of telecommunications costs and cost estimates are described including: multiple meanings of 'access,'meanings of cross-subsidy; nature of loop costs; the many dimensions of marginal costs in telecommunications, misuses of long-run cost concepts; and misuses of 'most efficient' provider assumptions. The methods of cost calculations and legal and regulatory requirements in the US are described, as are the implications for incentive regulation, changing technology, efficient pricing, and measures of efficient competitive entry.     

MAJORITY RULE AND ELECTION MODELS

Abstract. This paper surveys the theoretical work that has been done on majority rule and economic models of elections. Section I provides an overview of the topic. Section 2 reviews the most important results that have been obtained about majority rule as an abstract collective choice rule. Section 3 identifies some alternative inferences that can be made from those results. Section 4 covers some models that include additional features that are present in political institutions where majority rule is used. Section 5 concentrates on some alternative election models and equilibrium concepts. Section 6 focuses on election models with abstentions and/or candidate uncertainty about voter behaviour. Section 7 compares and contrasts models where candidates are certain about what the voters'choices will be (contingent upon about the choices made by the candidates) and models where they are uncertain about those choices. Section 8 closes the survey by identifying some emerging areas of research.     

盈余管理的原因、动机及测度方法前沿研究综述

盈余管理已经成为公司金融领域最活跃的研究热点问题之一,受到学者们的广泛关注。本文对20世纪80年代中后期以来关于盈余管理理论发展和实证研究的主要脉络进行全面回顾,并总结了国外最新的研究成果。本文的综述主要集中在三个方面:(1)基于“契约磨擦”与“沟通阻滞”分析了盈余管理产生的内在机理;(2)分别从资本市场动机、契约动机和政治成本动机总结了关于盈余管理的实证研究成果;(3)对应计利润分离模型、特定应计利润模型和频率分布模型三种盈余管理检验方法的具体应用进行了分析,并对其优点和不足之处进行了评价。     

Globalization,Gender And The Davos Man

Using Karl Polanyi's analysis of the social construction of markets in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe, the paper applies his analysis to the formation of global markets in the late twentieth century. The paper argues that Polanyi's work needs to be engendered in order to take into consideration women's and men's different links to the market and to understand the construction of "economic man" gone global. The paper also addresses the feminization of the labor force across the globe and the possible effects on women's behavior and on the construction of "economic woman." The concluding section discusses alternative interpretations of this behavior.     

浅析北京市农产品物流系统的运营与发展

本文在运用系统观点分析北京市农产品物流发展现状的基础上,提出北京市农产品物流应该向农产品物流配送中心模式转型升级,发展"农超对接"、"农餐对接"、"社区直送"等新型流通模式,形成多渠道、多模式相互补充的农产品物流运营体系,并探讨了促进农产品物流发展的措施。     

我国银行和地产类股价波动性对比研究

本文通过描述性统计和建立GARCH族模型,以2008年1月2日至2013年7月11日的银行和地产类股票日收盘价数据作为样本,对我国银行和地产类股指日收益率的波动性进行了对比研究。得到以下结论：银行和地产两类股票收益率序列都是平稳的,具有“尖峰厚尾”的特点,具有波动聚集性;两类收益率的波动均具有“长期记忆性”;均存在非对称效应。     

统计数据质量成本关系模型研究

在统计数据质量成本概念基础上,本文根据统计数据质量成本管理理论推导出统计数据质量成本模型的理论形式;结合统计数据生产过程的特点,具体论证了抽样设计阶段和统计信息生产阶段的统计数据质量成本与不同质量特性的质量成本关系模型,为有效地实施统计数据质量成本的管理,从而不断改进统计数据质量提供了理论基础。     

侠以武犯禁-中国古代治理形态变迁背后的经济逻辑

本文提出下述假说并对其进行了探索性的分析:不同治理形态的社会在追求效率、公平与安全三大目标的时候,最多能够同时实现其中两个。本文认为,东西方发展日益分叉的实质在于不同治理形态首先追求的目标存在系统性的差异。在此基础上,通过对秦汉之际多委托人治理结构向单一委托人治理结构转变的各项特征事实的分析和模型推演,本文厘清了中国何以走上并锁定在以安全为导向的单一委托人治理形态的初始条件,认为商人的官僚化将社会资源控制力从非主流治理集团牢牢吸纳并控制在主流治理者集团之内,此举消除了各类游侠生存发展的经济基础,对游侠的打击削弱了非主流治理集团的暴力依凭,汉朝以降各大一统时代均不能形成长期独立于政权之外的有规模暴力,是新的治理竞争者不能长期存在从而打破单一委托人治理形态的重要原因。     

政府与社会组织的互动模式——基于北京市某区的实地调查

在社会管理创新的形势下,来自诸多领域的社会组织与政府的合作已初见端倪。文章通过对北京市某区的实地调查,与政府相关部门及13家社会组织的半结构式访谈,从资金来源、项目实施、注册年检、项目介入四个维度实证研究了政府与社会组织的互动情况,并归纳出了四种合作模式,即强伴生模式、伴生模式、弱伴生模式、无伴生模式。