企业社会资本影响技术创新的实证分析

基于社会资本理论,本文构建了企业社会资本影响技术创新的概念模型,并结合大量的调查问卷数据,采用结构方程模型对我国企业社会资本如何影响技术创新进行了实证研究。研究结论验证了本文所提出的企业社会资本构成假设,并发现,各类企业社会资本与企业技术创新的关联度由大到小排名依次是企业内部社会资本、企业横向社会资本、研究与开发、供应链上的社会资本及企业与政府和大学之间的社会资本。     

The impact of the Internet on human activity–travel patterns: analysis of gender differences using multi-group structural equation models

The widespread use of the Internet for conducting various types of activities may be leading to considerable change in people’s activity–travel patterns. Past studies, however, have left many issues unaddressed. Using an Internet-activity diary dataset and multi-group structural equation modeling, this study examines the complex interactions between different types of Internet and physical activities, with a special focus on gender differences and Internet maintenance and leisure activities. The results indicate that the impacts of Internet activities on people’s activity–travel patterns are significantly different across gender. In general, Internet use for maintenance purposes has a greater impact on women’s activity–travel in the physical world, while Internet use for leisure purposes affects men’s physical activities and travel to a greater extent. Further, breaking Internet activities down into different categories reveals some hidden patterns that would not have been detected if these different types of Internet activities were lumped together as a single category.     

Social capital as a facilitator of successful buyer-supplier performance management

Performance management in supply chains is an increasingly important, rapidly developing but challenging area. It may benefit from sufficient levels of social capital, such as frequent interactions between buyers and suppliers. However, social capital has not yet been studied as a facilitator of performance management. To bridge this knowledge gap, we examine buyer-supplier performance management and social relationship characteristics as perceived by suppliers. We analyze empirical data gathered through a survey of 482 suppliers by employing PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA. The findings elaborate on the role of cognitive, relational, and structural capital in performance management activities within a buyer-supplier relationship. Moreover, the results demonstrate how a supplier's positive perception, in the form of preferred customer status, can be facilitated through performance management activities. The findings reveal that there is a difference in the role of structural and relational capital between key and non-key supplier groups in performance management activities. We conclude that successful performance management in buyer-supplier relationships requires more than simply a system for sharing information. The mature use of performance measurement is also essential, with cognitive capital being especially beneficial in this endeavor.     

Estimating gravity equation models in the presence of sample selection and heteroscedasticity

Gravity models are widely used to explain patterns of trade. However, two stylized features of trade data, sample selection and heteroscedasticity challenge the estimation of gravity models. We propose a two-step method of moments (TS-MM) estimator that deals with both issues. The Monte-Carlo experiments show that the TS-MM estimates are resistant to various combinations of sample selection and heteroscedasticity. Moreover, the TS-MM estimator performs reasonably well even when the data generating process deviates from the TS-MM assumptions. We revisit the world trade in 1990 to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model, with emphasis on the identification of the extensive margin of trade.     

The health issues of the homeless and the homeless issues of the ill-health

In public policy planning and budgeting, the health issues and homeless issues tend to be interrelated and reinforced by each other, but this mutual causality is usually ignored in the existing literature. This paper provides an unbiased estimate of a structural equation model taking endogeneity into account. A questionnaire is designed based on the health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) framework and is given to 322 homeless individuals. Evidence shows that, without timely support, the homeless state and health state will fast deteriorate and reinforce each other. It is therefore arguable to broaden the definition of statutory homelessness, and the “preventative approach” can save, rather than increase, the public resources spent on the homeless.     

我国农产品质量安全中的道德风险问题研究

加强农产品质量安全事关人民群众身体健康以及社会稳定。基于制度和行为主体视角,通过对农产品生产和流通微观主体风险行为进行深入研究,发现制度缺位与行为失范是农产品质量安全道德风险产生的重要原因。因此,加强道德建设、完善制度规范、协调监管体系、平衡权利渠道等完善市场体系的措施,有利于保障农产品质量安全。     

消费者对可追溯牛肉的认知及其影响因素分析——基于结构方程模型

利用针对北京市城区消费者的402份调查问卷数据,运用结构方程模型,分析了消费者对可追溯牛肉的认知及其影响因素。结果显示,消费者对可追溯牛肉的认知水平较低,但消费者在信息强化后对可追溯牛肉安全性的评价较高;信息搜集和经济文化因素显著影响消费者对可追溯牛肉的认知水平,风险感知、牛肉重要性和经济文化因素显著影响消费者对可追溯牛肉的认知内容,但认知水平并不显著影响认知内容。最后提出相关对策建议。     

我国铁路产业财务可持续：一个基于结构方程的分析

我国铁路建设所需的投资巨大,财务上已经形成了大量的债务性负担.为了实现我国铁路行业的财务可持续,首先要对影响国家铁路集团财务可持续的原因进行充分了解.以治理理论为核心,综合考虑多方面因素分析了中国国家铁路集团有限公司的财务可持续影响因素,通过问卷调查搜集数据,使用解释结构方程模型理清铁路负债的形成路径.结果表明:国家铁路集团的财务可持续是一个市场治理、社会治理、政府治理因素综合影响的结果,其中政府治理因素处于主导地位.建议化解铁路产业存量债务,构建铁路产业的公益性运输补贴机制,推进灵活票制票价实施等.     

Price Effects on Compound Commodities

We examine the effect of simultaneous price changes on the total demand for a group of goods, which we call a compound commodity. Specifically, we consider unit and proportional cost components (e.g., taxes, transportation costs) imposed on compound commodities. If the unit cost is positive, then the proportional cost raises the relative price of the more expensive good, and thus induces substitution towards the less expensive good within this group. Then, the substitution effect of the proportional cost for a compound commodity is non‐negative if and only if the compound commodity and the other goods are, on average, not strongly substitutable.     

Do satisfying walking and cycling trips result in more future trips with active travel modes? An exploratory study

Previous studies have indicated that travel satisfaction - the experienced emotions during, and cognitive evaluation of, a trip - can be affected by travel mode choice and other trip characteristics. However, as satisfactory trips might improve a person's attitude towards the used mode, persons may be more likely to use that same mode for future trips of the same kind. Hence, a cyclical process between travel mode choice and travel satisfaction might occur. In this paper we begin to analyse this process—using a structural equation modelling approach on cross-sectional data—for people who engage in walking and cycling for leisure trips in the Belgian city of Ghent. The focus on walking and cycling reflects recent studies indicating that active travel is often associated with the highest levels of travel satisfaction. Results of this exploratory analysis offer tentative support for the idea of a cyclical process: the evaluation of walking and cycling trips positively affects the respondents' attitude towards the respective mode, which in turn has a positive effect on choosing that mode.