Impact of off-farm income on food security and nutrition in Nigeria

While the poverty implications of off-farm income have been analyzed in different developing countries, much less is known about the impact of off-farm income on household food security and nutrition. Here, this research gap is addressed by using farm survey data from Nigeria. Econometric analyses are employed to examine the mechanisms through which off-farm income affects household calorie and micronutrient supply, dietary quality, and child anthropometry. We find that off-farm income has a positive net effect on food security and nutrition. The prevalence of child stunting, underweight, and wasting is lower in households with off-farm income than in households without. Using a structural model, we also show that off-farm income contributes to higher food production and farm income by easing capital constraints, thus improving household welfare in multiple ways.     

Environmental grants and regulations in strategic farm business decision-making: A case study of attitudinal behaviour in Scotland

This paper addresses the question of farmer responses to agri-environmental programming in light of the Single Farm Payment, focusing on the role of environmental regulations and grant schemes in strategic farm decision-making. Utilising Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour in a qualitative case study of farmers in Upper Deeside, Scotland, it was found that farmer respondents actively consider environmental regulations and grant opportunities as part of their decision rationale in making investments in farm development, such as agro-industrial building construction or securing additional land. Fulfilling agri-environmental regulations is constructed by respondents as being part of ensuring farm viability, while eligibility for agri-environmental schemes is impacting on how tenanted land is valued. The author identifies three mechanisms facilitating farmer up-take of environmental schemes, and makes a case for consideration of farmers as experts in producing environmental outcomes while maintaining economic sustainability of farming operations.     

Predicting divestiture of unrelated acquisitions: an integrative model of ex ante conditions

The majority of unrelated acquisitions are divested shortly after their purchase. Often, those acquisitions-turned-divestitures result in strategic, organizational, and financial losses for both the acquiring and the acquired companies. To consider how such divestitures can be avoided, this study examined some of the differences between divested and retained unrelated acquisitions. The study integrated four explanations for why unrelated acquisitions occur and related them to the fates of such acquisitions. Unrelated acquisitions were hypothesized to be divested when they fail to realize some motives and expectations that prevailed at the time of acquisition. Two samples of unrelated acquisitions (135 from 1977 and 140 from 1987) were tracked over 5-year periods. The results indicate that motives and conditions at the time of acquisition, and changes in those motives and conditions, were related to the fates of the acquisitions. In addition, the relative importance of those factors varied across the periods studied. Discriminant analyses further demonstrate that most divestitures could be predicted correctly on the basis of those motivations and conditions. The implications of the findings are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于沉淀成本视角的企业重组博弈分析

本文从放松新古典完全竞争市场中没有沉淀成本的假设前提入手,在区分固定成本和沉淀成本概念的基础上,运用一个有无沉淀成本的古诺纳什均衡经济模型分析它们各自对企业重组的经济效率和福利水平的不同影响,进而发现,沉淀成本而不是固定成本(规模经济或企业规模)是影响企业重组经济效率和福利水平最基本的经济变量。依据这样的经济模型,我们发现,在国有企业重组过程中,因资产专用性、交易成本和生产过程等原因,沉淀成本普遍存在,严重降低了国有企业重组的经济效率和福利水平。因此,为了提高国有企业重组的经济效率,我们提供制度创新或政策创新的基本原则,关键在于减少或补偿沉淀成本,促进生产要素充分流动,从而创造出一个可竞争的市场经济环境。     

浅析转型后广电网络企业固定资产的管理

随着我国市场化进程不断加快,我国的广电网络纷纷由事业单位转型为现代企业进行运营。本文主要阐述了转型后广电网络企业在固定资产管理方面出现的一些问题,并提出相应的解决方法,同时简要阐述广电网络企业固定资产管理制度构建。     

科技期刊出版业务流程的案例研究

本文基于业务沆程再造理论、数字内容理论和开放存取的技术方法,针对两种典型的样本期刊,对出版业务流程进行了对比研究。案例研究发现,传统期刊的出版业务流程在成本、质量、服务、速度等方面存在严重的缺欠,而再造后的网络期刊出版节约了时间和资金,提高了质量,加强了互动的服务,提高了效率,实现了整个出版工作的协调一致,取得了戏剧性的效果。基于此,本文提出对科技期刊业务流程再造的思考。     

产业结构调整中家具质量安全风险评估技术的探讨

我国是家具制造大国,经济转型中,我国要逐步完善家具服务业,建立家具质量安全风险评估机制,确保障我国家具产品质量安全。     

新会计准则下我国上市公司债务重组动因研究——基于A股上市公司2007年数据

在我国2007年实施新的《企业会计准则——债务重组》的背景下,结合盈余管理的理论,对我国A股上市公司债务重组动因进行的实证分析发现,财务状况改善、扭亏对上市公司债务重组幅度有显著影响,平滑利润对上市公司债务重组幅度影响不显著。     

民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的瓶颈与路径

战略性新兴产业作为推动国民经济发展的重要驱动力之一,具备市场需求前景广、资源能耗低、带动系数大、就业机会多、预期收益高的特征。民营企业是我国经济的重要市场主体,介入战略性新兴产业具有重大的战略意义。但不可否认的是,创新型人才匮乏、高强度资金投入短缺、关键核心技术缺乏、投融资渠道不畅等支撑体系不健全阻碍了民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的步伐。为有效解决民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的瓶颈,文章提出了投融资参股、自主发展、借机转型以及“政产学研”一体化四条可供民营企业选择的发展路径。      

Mergers and Acquisitions in Ownership Restructuring of Chinese Firms

This paper investigates mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the context of firm ownership restructuring in China, via several theoretical lenses including organizational learning and population ecology theories. It highlights the effect of organizational learning on the choice of M&A in ownership restructuring, based on the assumption that the choice might be favored by poor-performing firms. By employing a hierarchical linear regression model, this article examines the cross-level moderating effects of the density of ownership restructuring patterns on the performance-M&A relationship. Several key findings have been revealed. At the individual firm level, performance is negatively related to its choice of M&A. The ownership restructuring pattern that firms adopted is positively associated with its choice of M&A. Moreover, at the industry level, the density of patterns in an industry positively moderates the performance-M&A relationship.