Reconfiguration,restructuring and firm performance: Dynamic capabilities and environmental dynamism

Research summary: Reorganization has been proposed as a key dynamic capability. This study compares the performance outcomes of two forms of reorganization, differing in their pervasiveness: organizational restructuring and organizational reconfiguration. Our dynamic panel data analysis of large U.S. corporations between 1985 and 2004 finds contrasting performance outcomes for these two forms of reorganization: in general, the more pervasive restructuring is associated with positive performance outcomes, while the more limited reconfiguration is associated with negative performance outcomes. However, outcomes vary by environment. Consistent with dynamic capabilities theory, we find evidence that in dynamic environments reconfiguration outcomes turn positive, while restructuring outcomes turn negative. We discuss implications for dynamic capabilities theory and managerial policy. Managerial summary: Firms need to reorganize in order to adapt to change. This study compares the financial performance consequences of two forms of reorganization: organizational restructurings and organizational reconfigurations. Restructurings involve fundamental change in organizational principles and are typically irregular; reconfigurations involve incremental change and are frequent. Examining a set of large U.S. corporations, we find these two forms of reorganization have contrasting financial consequences, depending on context. In the general case, fundamental restructurings have positive consequences, while incremental reconfigurations have negative consequences. However, this general result reverses in specifically dynamic environments, where reconfigurations are positive financially, while restructurings are negative. We conclude that the relative frequency of reconfigurations helps adaptation in dynamic environments. Managers should choose forms of reorganization according to the rate of environmental change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国战略性新兴产业科技成果转化机制研究

战略性新兴产业要成为推动中国产业结构转型升级和加快经济发展方式转变的支柱性产业,必须提高科技成果转化水平使其转变为现实生产力。面对战略性新兴产业科技成果和市场需求脱节、科技成果整体转化能力偏低、科技成果转化服务系统与政策体系不完善等困境,中国战略性新兴产业科技成果转化机制建设应增强法律制度保障、加强产学研合作、引导和扶持中介服务类机构发展和推进科技成果转化投资风险系统建设。     

Improving the speed of adoption of agricultural technologies and farm performance through farmer groups: evidence from the Great Lakes region of Africa

The article examines the effect of membership in farmer groups (MFG) on adoption lag of agricultural technologies and farm performance in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. We use duration and stochastic production frontier models on farm household data. We find that the longer the duration of MFG, the shorter the adoption lag and much more so if combined with extension service delivery. Farmer groups function as an important mechanism for improving farm productivity through reduced technical inefficiency in input use. We discuss policy implications under which farmer groups are a useful channel to reduce adoption lag, and the means through which improved farm performance can be achieved.     

共生视角下村域生产空间重构路径设计——以重庆市合川区大柱村为例

研究目的:从多元农业经营主体这一本源入手,运用共生理论,构建"以人为本、互利互惠"的生产空间重构路径,旨为其开展重构提供一新思路。研究方法:参与式农户调查,共生理论量化方法。研究结果:2010-2015年大柱村形成三对稳定的农业经营共生体,其共生关系均处于非对称互惠共生阶段;共生界面是影响农业经营主体共生关系变化的关键因素,其中劳动力、农业基础设施、惠农政策是大柱村主要共生界面阻尼介质。研究结论:多元农业经营主体是生产空间重构的本源,共生界面是关键,共生效益是目标,构建"强化主体共生能力—夯实共生界面—保障共生利益"的生产空间重构路径,能确保村域内"资源共享、义务共担、环境共建"的实现。     

网络化时代旅游业的变革与重组

个人计算机的高速增长,整个社会的网络化和信息资源的共享,引入了一个全新的网络化营销时代,使旅游业的经营结构,竞争方式,管理和服务形式与体系以及旅游营销等产生了深刻变革,我国的旅游业面临着网络化带来的无限商机和激烈的挑战,应尽快认识,发掘与利用互联网,在未来旅游市场的竞争中获得主动。     

Manufacturing productivity in China and India: The role of institutional changes

In this paper we undertake a comparative study of productivity in the manufacturing sector for China and India using data from survey of manufacturing industries for the two countries. We find that productivity of manufacturing industries in China relative to that in India improved substantially over the 1998–2003 period. Specifically, the average total factor productivity (TFP) growth for the manufacturing sector over this period was about 11% higher in China than in India. We document two substantial changes in government policies in China that were not witnessed in India. First, the late 1990s saw an enormous wave of ownership restructuring due to the formal endorsement of private property rights by the Chinese central government. Second, in 1997 a large scale labour retrenchment program was launched to address the long standing problem of labour redundancy in the public sector. Using data from the Chinese survey of manufacturing industries, we quantify the impact of these large scale institutional changes on TFP of Chinese manufacturing industries. We find that these policy changes can explain about 30% of the growth in TFP of manufacturing industries. Hence we conclude that these institutional changes in China can account for a significant part of the gains in productivity of manufacturing industries in China relative to that in India over the 1998–2003 period.     

FDI波及面与中国产业结构调整的关联度

改革开放以来,外国直接投资(FDI)在中国经济发展中发挥了重要作用,并对中国产业结构调整产生了深远影响。中国要提高利用外资的质量和水平,更好地发挥外资在推动科技创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用,应结合产业发展和产业优化升级的需要,对FDI的产业投向加以引导;加大政策扶持和引导的力度,鼓励更多的外资向中西部地区转移和增加投资。     

论企业战略重组与管理创新——以河南煤化集团为例

如何加强企业重组,特别是企业重组后管理模式的创新,是亟需学术界着力研究和破解的难题,更是重组企业着力思考和探索的实践命题。本文以河南煤化集团为例,阐述了加强企业战略重组和管理创新的重要性和必要性,总结了河南煤化集团的成功实践经验,提出了企业战略重组和管理创新的基本路径和重要策略,即加强企业战略重组。必须注重先进文化引领、优化产业结构、创新管理模式,这为加强企业战略重组和管理创新,实现企业规模效应、聚变效应和集成效应具有重要的参考价值。     

Identifying beliefs underlying successors’ intention to take over the farm

The youth out-migration of rural areas, the ageing of farmer population and the lack of a successor within the farm family imply some drawbacks for rural development and for a more sustainable agriculture. This study used the reasoned action approach (RAA) to identify the beliefs underlying Brazilian successors’ intention to take over the farm. The RAA hypothesizes that successors’ intention to take over the farm is determined by three constructs: attitude, perceived norms and perceived behavioral control. These three constructs are derived from behavioral, normative and control beliefs. Results showed that the behavioral beliefs ‘Satisfaction for taking care of family farm assets’ and ‘Ease for managing the farm’ influence successors’ evaluation (attitude) of taking over the farm. The normative beliefs ‘Father’ and ‘Mother’ influence successors’ perceptions about the social pressure (perceived norms) to take over the farm. The control beliefs ‘Ease to buy more land’ and ‘Professional recognition’ influence successors’ perceptions about their own capability (perceived behavioral control) to take over the farm. The identification of these beliefs revealed important implications for designing interventions to encourage successors to take over the farm.     

中西文化心理差异与期刊论文摘要翻译中的语篇重构

汉英两个不同的民族,由于其地理生活环境,宗教信仰,生活方式的巨大差异,在漫长的历史发展过程中,逐渐形成了各自不同的思维模式。从期刊论文摘要的翻译来看,其最大的障碍就是思维差异所导致的语篇特点的不同。本文分析了中西思维模式的差异及其在汉英摘要语篇中的体现,包括语篇结构,语篇衔接手段和语篇的文体色彩三个方面,探讨期刊论文摘要翻译中语篇重构这一翻译方法,以期保证摘要译文的质量。