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101.
文中对固原东部农村饮水安全重点供水工程管理办法进行表述,提出意见建议,为其他较大型人畜饮水安全工程提供借鉴和推广。 相似文献
102.
住户无偿服务生产核算作为住户生产核算体系的重要组成部分,日益受到国内外研究学者的重视。借鉴SNA2008相关理论和方法,结合我国住户无偿服务生产的基本国情,本文界定出住户无偿服务生产的核算范围,设计出用于住户无偿服务生产核算的产出法和投入法;鉴于住户时间因素在无偿服务生产中的重要性,本文从时间投入的视角对我国住户无偿服务生产差异进行了研究,并分别研究了收入水平、教育程度等五个因素对住户无偿服务生产差异的影响;采用主成分分析法,设计出引起住户无偿服务生产差异的家庭因子、人口因子和经济因子,丰富了我国现行住户生产核算体系的理论和方法。 相似文献
103.
This study analyzes consumers’ awareness of and attitudes towards yellow maize products in Zimbabwe and suggests intervention strategies that will ensure increased production and consumption of the crop, which is rich in provitamin A to help prevent the incidence of vitamin A deficiency prevalent among vulnerable groups. Data from 360 randomly selected rural and urban households show that yellow maize is known to all but few are aware of its nutritional qualities or consume it. The main source of supply is imported food aid. Rich in oils, carotenoids and fructose, yellow maize easily undergoes chemical changes to produce unacceptable organoleptic properties (or bad taste) if poorly handled during importation. These two factors are responsible for it being perceived inferior to white maize by consumers. Quality assurance during importation can improve consumer confidence but a long-term strategy will be to vigorously promote domestic production of yellow maize varieties rich in high levels of β-carotene that meet the preferences of consumers. Drawing from a probit model regression analysis, nutritional education can potentially promote yellow maize consumption, especially if targeted at low income households. Domestic production and consumption of yellow maize will decrease vitamin A deficiency among vulnerable groups and improve food insecurity through reduced grain prices and increased incomes for farmers. These results draw attention to the need for policy makers in developing countries to review their agricultural policies to ensure that they do not undermine the local production and consumption of nutritionally valuable crops. 相似文献
104.
Despite apparent overwhelming benefits, implementation of the Household Responsibility System (HRS) in China contained a number of flaws. The Two-Farmland System (TFS), which originated in Pingdu City in Shandong Province, sought to address the twin problems of land fragmentation and economies of size. A stochastic frontier production function analysis that isolates the impacts of land allocation reforms suggests that the TFS increased efficiency by around 7%. This article highlights the need for empirical analysis to assess objectively the merits or otherwise of particular reforms. 相似文献
105.
106.
Nesha Beharry-Borg David A. Hensher Riccardo Scarpa 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2009,43(1):95-117
This paper offers an analytical framework for analyzing joint and separate decisions by couples in the context of choice experiments
for nonmarket valuation. It reports results from an attribute-based stated preference study in which members of couples are
asked to conduct a choice-experiment first individually and then jointly. The choice context was the selection of which beach to visit while on vacation in Tobago. Available alternatives differed
in attributes related to coastal water and beach quality such as level of coastal development and fish abundance. Tests of
preference equality are reported and structured so as to identify the intra-couple decision-making patterns under taste heterogeneity
with both finite and continuous mixed logit. Results from the latter suggest that women’s preferences are found to be predominant
in the joint choice-experiment. Results suggest caution in using individual choice rather than joint couple choice when valuing
quality changes impacting on couple activities, such as water and beach quality in Tobago, and call for further research on
the topic. 相似文献
107.
Erling Røed Larsen 《Empirical Economics》2009,36(1):109-132
This article demonstrates how to estimate latent total consumption expenditure or material standard of living in households
by inverting estimated Engel curves. While the conventional estimator, total purchase expenditure, is unbiased for latent
total household consumption expenditure, it is not variance minimizing since it is an un-weighted sum. In two stages, this
article derives a variance-minimizing, unbiased estimator by first estimating and inverting Engel curves; then combining the
estimators from the inverted Engel curves. The employed latent variable method allows for utilization of non-expenditure relations.
The suggested method may help improve the accuracy in studies of consumption inequality and tax evasion.
相似文献
108.
Takashi KUROSAKI Seiro ITO Nobuhiko FUWA Kensuke KUBO Yasuyuki SAWADA 《The Developing economies》2006,44(4):440-464
This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of child labor and school enrollment in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. A village fixed‐effect logit model for each child is estimated with the incidence of child labor or school enrollment as the dependent variable, in order to investigate individual and household characteristics associated with the incidence. Among the determinants, this paper focuses on whose education matters most in deciding the status of each child, an issue not previously investigated in the context of the joint family system. The regression results show that the education of the child's mother is more important in reducing child labor and in increasing school enrollment than that of the child's father, the household head, or the spouse of the head. The effect of the child's mother is similar on boys and girls while that of the child's father is more favorable on boys. 相似文献
109.
我国城镇居民平均消费倾向与收入分配状况关系的实证研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
中国的有效需求不足现象近年来成为一个被普遍关注的问题,而居民消费需求不足更是成为关注的焦点。本文在前人研究的基础上,从标准的消费者预期效用最大化模型出发,推导出中国城镇居民的个体"短视"消费模型和总量消费模型;运用我国1985~2004年城镇居民消费、收入及其他相关数据,通过误差修正模型和对数线性模型分别对数据进行了计量分析,发现在我国现阶段,城镇居民收入分配差距的扩大引起了居民平均消费倾向的减小,且其长期影响尤为显著。在对计量结果进行分析的基础上,本文给出了若干政策建议。 相似文献
110.
In this study, we examine whether and to what extent the pattern of household consumption is asymmetrically sensitive to economic changes. We use a threshold model with error correction to characterize household consumption under the business cycle. Using data from the 1979–2014 Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan, we find that household consumption has pro-cyclical characteristics during the business cycle. More importantly, household consumption responds asymmetrically to economic fluctuations such that changes in consumption tend to be larger during expansions than during downturns. Furthermore, the nature of this asymmetry differs across household income quantiles. 相似文献