个人所得税扣除政策绩效的评价与测度

本文基于技术经济学项目评价指标的广泛适用性,对个人所得税扣除政策的成本与收益进行了评价与测度.这种探索有助于深化个人所得税制的研究.     

技术创新视角下的政府积极干预

技术创新与政府干预是紧密联系在一起的：一方面,技术创新的过程离不开政府的干预;另一方面,技术创新目标的实现需要政府的干预来协调。政府实施正确的干预方式和政策对技术创新具有积极的促进作用。     

Regret theory and policy reform ∗

This paper offers an explanation of policy reforms undertaken in times of an economic crisis. Our explanation does not depend either on conflicts of interests between different socio-economic groups, or on the informational imperfection about the effectiveness of the current policy regime. The single decision maker in our model experiences regrets when the uncertain reform outcome is worse than the status quo. We show that an economic crisis which reduces the status-quo income makes the regret-experiencing decision maker more eager to undertake reforms in times of an economic crisis, despite the higher utility costs of adjustments.     

“定量宽松”政策的实质及对中国的影响

在当前的国际经济与金融危机环境下,美国等西方国家通过扩大货币的发行量大规模增加时资本市场货币的供应,货币政策的重心向\"定量宽松\"政策倾斜.关于\"定量宽松\"货币政策的实质以及对中国的影响,我国经济学界已经展开了广泛的热议.本文认为,对这一问题应据据中国人民银行行长周小川提出的构建\"超主权国际储备货币\"的建议进行更深入探讨,本文在现有研究基础上,对此进行了进一步分析.     

Informality,public employment and employment protection in developing countries

This paper proposes an equilibrium matching model for developing countries’ labor markets where the interaction between public, formal private and informal private sectors are taken into account. Theoretical analysis shows that gains from reforms aiming at liberalizing formal labor markets can be annulled by shifts in the public sector employment and wage policies. Since the public sector accounts for a substantial share of employment in developing countries, this approach is crucial to understand the main labor market outcomes of such economies. Wages offered by the public sector increase the outside option value of the workers during the bargaining processes in the formal and informal sectors. It becomes more profitable for workers to search on-the-job, in order to move to these more attractive and more stable types of jobs. The public sector therefore acts as an additional tax for the formal private firms. Using data on workers’ flows from Egypt, we show empirically and theoretically that the liberalization of labor markets plays against informal employment by increasing the profitability, and hence job creations, of formal jobs. The latter effect is however dampened or even sometimes nullified by the increase of the offered wages in the public sector observed at the same time.     

Open access,common property and scarcity rent in fisheries

Open access resources are frequently not managed efficiently, resulting in falling stock levels and a declining income for fishermen. In the late 1970's, the policy response to this problem was the implementation of 200-mile fishing zones, which enabled the European Union to formulate and implement the Common Fisheries Policy, aimed at (among other things) conservation and distribution of available stocks. In Germany, this shift from an open access regime towards a common property regime had favourable outcomes. The trend of falling prices was reversed. The conclusion was that intertemporal efficiency had increased as a result of (inter)governmental policy. Apparently, a wedge was formed between price and marginal harvesting costs, implying that scarcity rent had returned as a component of prices.     

区域政策协调模式比较分析

为促进区域经济协调发展,在政策制定上既要利用地方政府的信息优势,又要协调地方政府之间的行为。在不对称信息框架下,本文构建了一个包含两级政府的理论模型,通过分析集权、分权以及授权三种政策模式下的信息损失与协调损失,比较三种模式的优劣。研究表明,分权和授权模式均优于集权模式,而授权模式与分权模式的优劣主要取决于地区之间经济规模的大小与区域政策协调重要性的差异。