论亚当·斯密对法律的经济分析

用经济学的概念及方法来研究法律问题,被称之为"法律的经济分析"。在经济学说史上,亚当.斯密第一个把经济学分析扩展到法律制度,成为当代法经济学的真正鼻祖。在《国富论》中,斯密通过对学徒法、谷物法等一系列法律的经济分析,揭示了法律制度对经济系统运行的影响。     

基于新公共管理视角的瓦格纳定律之现实评析

伴随着公共管理的不断发展,尤其是新公共管理运动的滥觞及其在全世界范围内的衍化,使得瓦格纳定律不仅从理念上而且从实践上都遭遇了严峻挑战.一方面,新公共管理运动通过实施政府职能优化、分权化改革、公共人事制度改革以及社会保障制度改革等一系列措施,直接削减了财政支出规模;另一方面,由工业化(或所谓后工业化)所衍生的经济、政治、社会需求的持续扩张,在新公共管理理念之下催生了多元化的供给主体和多种形式的供给方式(体现为公共产品供应机制改革),客观上间接缓解了政府财政的压力.以上两方面力量共同作用,为限制财政支出规模或者弱化财政支出冲动提供了相当巨大的空间,瓦格纳定律的神话将被打破.     

中国经济中的高增长与低就业——奥肯定律的中国经验检验

对于中国的高速经济增长并没有带来相应的就业增长这样一个经验事实,存在奥肯定律是否有效的问题。我们通过研究认为,单纯验证奥肯定律并不能得出其是否有效的结论。放松其他条件不变的假定,加入其他影响因素的检验结果显示,经济增长与失业率虽然呈现总体上的负向关系,但是经济增长与就业人数增长率也呈现出负向关系,这表明奥肯定律在中国是失效的。因此,我们认为之所以高速的经济增长不能带来持续的就业增长的原因可能是,劳动密集型产业的收入分配中表现出资本密集型产业的特征,而资本密集型产业的收入分配中表现出劳动密集型产业的特征。     

Does Gibrat's Law hold among young,small firms?

According to Gibrat's Law of Proportionate Effect, the growth rate of a given firm is independent of its size at the beginning of the examined period. Aimed at extending this line of investigation, the present paper uses quantile regression techniques to test whether Gibrat's Law holds for new entrants in a given industry: that is for new small firms in the early stage of their life cycle. The main finding is that for some selected industries in Italian manufacturing Gibrat's Law fails to hold in the years immediately following start-up, when smaller firms have to rush in order to achieve a size large enough to enhance their likelihood of survival. Conversely, in subsequent years the patterns of growth of new smaller firms do not differ significantly from those of larger entrants, and the Law therefore cannot be rejected.JEL Classification: L11, L60Previous versions of this paper were presented at the 27th Annual EARIE Conference (Lausanne, 7-10 September 2000) and at seminars held between 2000 and 2003 at the Economics Department of Harvard University, the Catholic University of Milan, the University of Ferrara, the University of Bologna, the Bank of Italy, and Athens University of Economics & Business. We would like to thank Carlo Bianchi, Giuseppe Colangelo, Giovanni Dosi, Steven Klepper (Editor), Stephen Martin, Ariel Pakes, Aman Ullah and, in particular, Helen Louri and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments on earlier drafts. Financial support from MIUR (Year 2000; protocol #MM13038538_001; project leader: E. Santarelli) is gratefully acknowledged.Correspondence to: E. Santarelly     

Stochastic growth: asymptotic distributions

Summary. This note studies conditions under which sequences of state variables generated by discrete-time stochastic optimal accumulation models have law of large numbers and central limit properties. Productivity shocks with unbounded support are considered. Instead of restrictions on the support of the shock, an “average contraction” property is required on technology. Received: August 27, 2001; revised version: January 9, 2002 RID="*" ID="*"The author thanks John Creedy and Rabee Tourky for helpful comments, and the Economic Theory Center, University of Melbourne for financial support.     

Law and finance: why does legal origin matter?

This paper assesses empirically two theories of why legal origin influences financial development. The political channel stresses that legal traditions differ in the priority they give to the rights of individual investors vis-à-vis the state and this has repercussions for financial development. The adaptability channel holds that legal traditions differ in their ability to adjust to changing commercial circumstances and legal systems that adapt quickly will foster financial development more effectively. We use historical comparisons and cross-country regressions to assess the validity of these two channels. We find that legal origin matters for financial development because legal traditions differ in their ability to adapt efficiently to evolving economic conditions. Journal of Comparative Economics 31 (4) (2003) 653–675.     

税务代理制度建构与税收通则法条文设计

税务代理涉及纳税主体权利保护、征税主体的行政效率以及一国税制的有效运行和完善,我国《税收基本法（税收通则法）》应该对其加以规范,学者对此也有不同建言。文章通过对税务代理制度建构的法理分析,对照典型国家税务代理立法例,分析了我国现有税务代理制度运行中存在的主要矛盾和问题,提出了完善我国税务代理制度的建议,并拟订了《税收基本法（税收通则法）》有关税务代理的具体条款。     

我国社会保险费改税的争议与改革路径探讨

在我国,随着社会保障事业的推进,如何保障社会保险的资金来源成为迫切需要解决的一道难题。对此,学界和实务界关于社会保险是否应当费改税一直存有争议;而2010年10月出台的《社会保险法》采取了保守做法,依然沿用了通过缴费筹集社会保险基金的方式。然而,从长远计,社会保险费改税的制度变迁既有深厚的理论基础,也有坚实的现实需要。因此,应积极面对我国当前社会保险费改税的现实障碍,寻求各方利益的平衡和制度之间的协调,适时地、渐进地推动社会保险费改税,以全面缓解和克服目前因社会保障缴费体制不合理所带来的问题,更好地推动我国“普惠型”社会保障制度的建设。     

我国制定《物权法》的基本法则和关键所在

《物权法》是确认和保护多种所有制经济,充分发挥公有制优越性的重要措施。它的颁发将对我国社会和经济的发展产生深远的影响,我国公民日益关注的对公有财产和私有财产给予平等保护的理念,最终在这部法律中得以充分体现和真正明确。本文将从《物权法》的基本原则、显著特点、主要内涵、政策导向等方面进行论述和分析,供政府、研究和企业等相关人士参考。