略论黄土高原水土保持的战略意义

水土流失是造成黄河水患,制约黄土高原经济发展的根本原因,因而水土保持工作具有重大的战略意义。本文以详实的资料论述黄河水患及水土流失的情况、原因,总结了水土保持的经验教训。     

水旱灾害与我国农业可持续发展

本文根据《中国农村统计年鉴》等有关资料,首先对水灾害对我国农业的影响及其程度进行了分析,其次对我国水旱灾害频率的发生趋势和灾情的发展趋势进行了分析,最后对我国农业防灾减灾对策进行了有益的探讨。     

Integrated hydrodynamic and economic modelling of flood damage in the Netherlands

This paper presents a model developed in the Netherlands for the estimation of damage caused by floods. The model attempts to fill the gap in the international literature about integrated flood damage modelling and develop an integrated framework for the assessment of both direct hazard-induced damages and indirect economic damages such as the interruption of production flows outside the flood affected area, as well as loss of life due to flooding. The scale of damage assessment varies from a specified flood-prone area in a river basin or a coastal region to the country's entire economy. The integrative character of the presented model is featured by the combination of information on land use and economic data, and data on flood characteristics and stage-damage functions, where the geographical dimension is supported by modern GIS to obtain a damage estimate for various damage categories. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated in a case study estimating expected flood damage in the largest flood-prone area in the Netherlands.     

Health care cost of floods: Evidence from Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan

Using the difference-in-difference (DID) method, this study uses Typhoon Morakot, which occurred in August 2009, as an example to estimate the effect of flooding on health care cost burden. The main data source is the medical claims records of a cohort of three million patients in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance system. By examining flood-related physiological diseases and disaster-related mental illnesses, our results indicate that the increase in outpatient health care costs resulting from the flood caused by the typhoon is approximately NTD 8.95 billion (USD 280 million), equivalent to approximately 69% of the annual special budget for flooding prevention during the period 2006–2019 in Taiwan. Moreover, the increase in outpatient expenditure for mental illnesses is nearly 10 times that of physiological diseases. An important implication of our findings is that the cost of preventing natural disasters, such as floods, can be offset by saving health care costs, particularly for mental illnesses. Our results also suggest that in addition to providing safe drinking water and indoor residual spraying, offering continuous post-disaster mental health services can further save health care expenditures caused by natural disasters.