人本主义视角下的乡村居住空间改造方式探析

全国各地的新农村建设正如火如荼地展开,然而各地的乡村居住空间改造在过度理性规划下普遍暗含着对人性化的漠视与缺失,对环境和资源造成的损失是不可估量的。从芒福德的人本主义出发,剖析目前乡村居住空间改造中存在的问题,试图引起人们对协调发展和保护环境的重视和反思,并结合人本主义对乡村居住空间改造方式提出建议和途径。     

In search of marginal environmental valuations — ecosystem services in Finnish forest accounting

There is currently substantial interest in valuing various services provided by different ecosystems. Concurrently economists have ascribed substantial effort on expanding traditional forest accounting systems by environmental services. This paper contributes to curtailing the existing gap between green accounting theory and applications for valuing forest ecosystem services. The multitude of links between forest ecosystem services and economy are characterized by the theoretical model for forest-economy interactions. By utilizing recently updated data we also incorporate empirical value estimates of these services comparable to other goods into Finnish forest accounting system. Finally, we discuss some problems encountered and clarify the interpretation of some value estimates incorporated to national forest account.     

Natural resource accounting for Indian states — Illustrating the case of forest resources

Our main objective is to set out and apply a SEEA-based methodology to reflect the true value of forest resources in India's national and state accounts. We establish that a “top-down” approach using available national databases is both feasible and desirable from a policy perspective. In this paper, we address four components of value creation in forests: timber production, carbon storage, fuelwood usage, and the harvesting of non-timber forest products. The results of our analysis suggest that prevailing measures of national income in India underestimate the contribution of forests to income. The income accounts of the Northeastern states in particular are significantly understated by these traditional (GDP/GSDP) measures. We are also able to identify some states which performed poorly in the context of our sustainability framework, reflecting natural capital losses due to degradation and deforestation. Our results highlight the need to integrate natural resource accounting into the national accounting framework in order to generate appropriate signals for sustainable forest management and for the conservation of forest resources which are widely used by the poor in India, as well as being significant stores of national wealth.     

出口商品退运的原因及对策分析

近年来，我国出口商品遭退运事件频繁发生，对出口企业造成严重影响。本文详细分析了出口商品退运的原因，并提出了具体的应对策略。     

基于相空间重构及自适应支持向量机的短期风速预测

风速具有较强的随机性和间歇性,导致大规模风电接入电网会严重影响电力系统的安全稳定运行以及电能质量。较为准确的风速预测可以降低风能对电网的不利影响,为电网运行调度提供可靠的依据。在对风速进行混沌属性分析及相空间重构的基础上,采用自适应支持向量机进行短期风速预测,结果表明该方法的预测精度高于BP、RBF等预测模型。     

皖江城市带县域经济发展时空差异分析--基于2000～2012年实证探讨

以皖江城市带为例,从规模、质量、潜力3方面构建评价指标体系,运用熵值法测度2000~2012年皖江城市带县域经济发展综合值;并通过ESDA模型揭示皖江城市带县域经济发展时空差异特征。结果表明：2000~2012年县域经济发展综合值增幅达到32.29%,变异系数CV上升说明县域经济发展差异日趋显著;县域经济全局上呈现出空间自相关性,表现出集聚型发展模式;局部上热点区主要分布在芜湖、合肥的县（市）,而冷点区主要分布在池州、安庆的县（市）,且分异格局相对稳定。并从重组城镇空间结构、调整城市产业格局、完善区域基础设施3个方面提出皖江城市带县域经济协调发展的整合建议。     

基于状态空间模型的我国物流业对经济增长的传导效应研究

建立状态空间模型来揭示物流业对经济增长传导效应,通过卡尔曼滤波算法估计时变参数,发现1978年以来我国物流业对经济增长的传导效应明显分为两个阶段,并在此基础上提出了物流产业转型期提高物流业对经济增长传导的正弹性效应、发展物流业的路径选择。     

我国大城市主城-郊区居住空间分异比较研究——基于GIS的南京实证分析

在对实证城市居住空间分异现状分析的基础上探寻城市居住空间分异影响因素及这些因素的作用机理。鉴于城市居住空间分异在主城及郊区等层面表现出不同的特征,文章运用GIS的空间分析方法分别对南京市主城区及郊区居住空间分异的现状进行比较分析。主要结论有:主城和郊区住宅板块在区位价值、容积率、绿化率、建筑年代、建筑面积等指标上都有差异存在,显示出主城与郊区居住板块之间在发展方式、成长规律、表现形式上的差异。随着居住郊区化和新城居住空间结构的变化,南京市城市居住空间结构表现出新的特征。文章选取我国副省级城市南京为实证研究对象,对我国住房转型期大城市居住空间分异现状进行个案研究,其城市居住空间分异的规律及结论具有一定的示范意义。     

Can R&D-inducing green tariffs replace international environmental regulations?

This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on innovation, location of production and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less world pollution than global harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution-abatement R&D effort and generating lower unit emissions from production. Specifically, green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) inducing the firm in the clean country to engage in more abatement R&D by granting it a higher market power/share in its home market, (3) instigating green R&D investment by deterring delocation. When these outweigh the R&D-creating effect of environmental harmonization in the dirty country, green tariffs bring about a cleaner environment.     

创意阶层研究新进展

本文旨在从国外大量关于创意阶层的理论和实证研究中梳理出几条基本研究思路。目前已有的研究主要集中在三方面：创意阶层空间分布的影响因素、创意阶层与经济增长、创意阶层与人力资本的关系。空间特征和创意劳动者属性是研究创意阶层空间分布影响因素的主要视角;创意环境影响创意阶层进而影响经济增长,创意知识溢出同样也是影响地区经济增长的重要原因;究竟创意阶层与人力资本之间有什么样的关系,学者们从理论和实证的角度对这两个重要的话题进行了长期的争论。