林业上市公司科技创新的投入产出分析

基于分位数回归法和最小二乘法,对24家林业上市公司2012—2015年的科技创新投入产出数据构建的多元回归模型进行分析。结果表明:最小二乘法的分析结果显示在林业上市公司中,专利授权所占比例、无形资产所占比例与研发人员数量、研发投入金额、研发人员所占比例、研发投入所占比例之间均不存在显著的相关关系;而分位数回归法的分析结果显示在不同分位点下,自变量对专利授权所占比例、无形资产所占比例存在一定的显著影响。此外,针对部分林业上市公司存在科技创新意识薄弱投入稍显不足、专利授权所占比例和产出成果质量较低、科技创新投入产出效率不足以及研发人员和研发资金投入并不能确保科技创新产出增加的现象,提出增强科技创新意识、强化投入产出监管等建议。     

中国林业上市公司多元化经营与经营绩效的实证研究

中国林业上市公司中普遍存在着多元化经营的现象,为了弄清多元化经营是否能改善企业的经营绩效,以沪深两市17家林业上市公司2009—2011年的年报数据为样本,运用统计分析的方法,采用Herfindahl指数衡量多元化经营程度,选取盈利性、风险性和成长性三个方面的指标衡量经营绩效,具体分析了企业多元化经营与其经营绩效之间的关系,最终得出林业上市公司多元化经营程度与经营绩效之间不存在显著相关关系的结论。     

农民增收、退耕还林与环境政策改进

本文基于城乡差距和地区差距的事实,论证了农民增收困难的原因.文章指出,补贴农业等措施具有经济上的合理性,而且有助于二三产业发展,有助于有序转移农村剩余劳动力.开征消费型环境税,对于欠发达地区可持续发展,缩小城乡差距、协调地区关系有重大意义,具有政策上的合理性和可行性.     

基于转变发展模式的四川与广东农业经济差异化分析

文章通过分析2000~2013年四川省与广东省的农业结构及其变动对农业经济增长的影响,分析比较四川省与广东省的农业发展模式、农业经济水平等2个农业指标,分析比较2省农林牧渔业总产值的差异,用以解析四川省与广东省农业经济差异性变化的原因。结果表明,四川省农业结构调整主要集中在以水稻等粮食为主的种植业与以生猪等肉类为主的畜牧业上;广东省农业结构调整主要集中在以粮食、水果为主的种植业与以水产品为主的渔业上。其中,种植业的增长对2省农业总产出增长的拉动能力均是最大,四川省的畜牧业、广东省的渔业对农业经济也有一定影响,而2省的林业对农业经济的影响均为较小。     

黑龙江省林业循环经济发展区划与模式构建

黑龙江拥有丰富的森林资源,由于林业经济仍不能摆脱传统的生产模式,森林资源仍不能合理有 效利用。而发展林业循环经济是转变黑龙江省传统林业经济发展方式,缓解黑龙江省森林资源利用与保护 之间矛盾的有效途径。为了促进黑龙江省林业循环经济整体协调发展,该研究运用主成分分析法对黑龙江 13个市的林业循环经济发展水平进行评价,得出林业循环经济指标控制层得分和综合得分,根据评价结果 分析出黑龙江省各地区的林业循环经济的综合发展水平和不同地区之间的发展差异;运用SPSS软件对主成 分分析结果进行系统聚类分析,将13个市划分为三个区域,综合主城分析和系统聚类分析结果,从资源减 量化投入、资源利用率、社会经济以及生态几个方面分析各区域发展状况;最后,结合各区域林业循环经 济发展状况,林业产业和资源禀赋特点,构建出适宜的林业循环经济发展模式。     

大数据技术在林业企业审计实务中的运用

以獐子岛事件中利用北斗卫星定位为引入,提出大数据技术在林业企业审计实务中运用的论题。结合林业企业自身特点,分析传统审计方法在林业企业审计中存在生物性资产具有不确定性、政府补助的偶发性、财务舞弊天然存在便利等困境。在林业企业审计流程的背景下,具体介绍大数据技术在风险评估、控制测试、实质性分析程序、细节测试中的实务运用。最后针对现阶段大数据技术在审计实务中运用存在的问题,提出健全相关法律法规、建立数据共享机制、培养复合型人才、鼓励企业信息化、落实高新技术研发和规范等建议。     

The ecosystem approach,ecosystem services and established forestry policy approaches in the United Kingdom

A series of approaches have been proposed for natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in recent decades. In the important forestry sector, two of the most dominant policy paradigms have been multi-purpose forestry and sustainable forest management. The Convention on Biological Diversity, amongst other transnational commitments, added the ecosystem approach and its related idea of ecosystem services to this succession which is increasingly becoming the basis for natural resource management, including in the United Kingdom (UK). However, this latest addition raises the stimulating question of whether in forestry the ecosystem approach and the associated ecosystem services concept really constitute something fundamentally new, or are merely an extension or re-branding of existing policy approaches. This paper contributes to a lively contemporary debate surrounding the ecosystem approach and ecosystem services, by examining how these two interrelated but distinctly different concepts are currently understood and adopted within UK forestry and in the context of established forestry policy paradigms. For this purpose, I undertook a review of the scholarly literature and legal and policy documents which have been triangulated with a survey of the attitudes, interpretations and opinions of forestry stakeholders through expert interviews. The analysis suggests that in the UK forestry sector, as elsewhere, the frequency of, often broad and ambiguous approaches to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in general, and forestry policy and management in particular, are causing confusion amongst some stakeholders, who, unsurprisingly frequently conflate concepts seemingly without understanding the details. However, a clear understanding of the differences and similarities of these important concepts, stemming from overlapping but different disciplines, is crucially important for successful policy implementation and sustainable forest management. This article attempts to contribute to such a clarification and to further interdisciplinary understanding.     

Forestry conflict in Spain: Rethinking peasant protest and resistance

This article examines forestry conflict in the Spanish province of León and the struggle between village communities and the state over the control of common lands and forests. One of this article's conclusions is that forestry conflict reflected, on the one hand, the struggle for economic control not only between the peasants and the state but also between the peasants themselves and, on the other hand, the clash between the market economy championed by the state and the traditional arrangements, values, and solidarities defended by the peasants. Another conclusion is that widely used concepts such as “weapons of the weak” or “environmentalism of the poor” are deemed inadequate regarding the peasant protest and resistance analysed here, which in turn calls for a definition of these new forms of rural resistance or a reformulation of those already in use.     

De- and Reforestation: Stability, Instability and Limit Cycles

The optimal intertemporal use of forests is a traditional and extensively investigated topic with recent emphasis on sustainable uses. The political discussion about the clearing of tropical forests adds a topical, policy dimension to this investigation. This study shows that cyclical policies -- i.e., clearing is followed by reforestation and then again clearing and so on indefinitely -- may be optimal. This possibility, which is due to two things -- the growth of biomass, such as trees, and the costs of clearing and reforestation -- is overlooked in the corresponding literature. As a consequence, it is possible that present clearing practices, observable in many developing countries, may be an optimal, yet transient policy, that will be followed by reforestation as the developed countries with again expanding forests indicate.     

论森林旅游业的可持续发展

本文试图从生态经济学的角度,探讨森林旅游业可持续发展的几个认识问题,即资源环境条件允许、技术上可行和经济上高效。