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711.
本文以中国2002年外资管制放松作为准自然实验,通过匹配中国健康与营养调查数据、中国工业企业数据和城市统计年鉴,探究中国外资进入自由化对劳动力健康的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现外资进入自由化会改善劳动者健康水平,对疾病种类、受教育水平和性别差异的异质性分析显示,外资进入自由化对发烧、喉咙痛、咳嗽有显著的改善作用,给高学历劳动者或男性劳动者带来的好处更显著。机制检验证明,外资进入自由化一方面通过增加劳动者工作时长和加剧环境污染对中国劳动者健康状况产生了负向影响,另一方面通过提高劳动者收入使健康状况得到了显著改善,且正向作用大于负向作用。本文研究有助于客观准确地评估外资进入自由化的健康效应,同时对发展中国家引资调整具有重要的政策启示。  相似文献   
712.
文章以问卷调查和实地考察的数据为样本,对调查问卷中的基本变量年龄、月收入、子女数量、为养生养老房产方面的开销占月收入的比重与康缘养生谷引起购买欲的各种原因做相关性分析,探究二者的显著性程度,再在相关性分析的基础上进行路径分析,构建出路径分析模型并得出结论。研究结果对企业如何满足客户个性化的养生养老需求,政府和有关部门如何探索出中医药养生养老的新商业模式提出建议。  相似文献   
713.
Extant research on expatriation in high-stress environments where stress is caused by ongoing and unexpected natural crises remains limited. Drawing on stress theory, in this study, we develop a model to examine the stress-inducing effects of intra-family concerns and workplace discrimination on the intentions to leave the host country among expatriates in the high-stress environment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We also explore whether gender and the level of work adjustment moderate the propensity of intra-family health concerns and workplace discrimination to induce psychological stress. Based on our analysis of 381 expatriates living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we find the model to be generally supported. We also reveal an intriguing moderating effect of work adjustment on the relationship between intra-family health concerns and psychological stress. Overall, the analysis is among the first ones to shed light on the role of natural crises’ stressors in defining expatriate outcomes.  相似文献   
714.
The U.S. COVID-19 Forecast Hub aggregates forecasts of the short-term burden of COVID-19 in the United States from many contributing teams. We study methods for building an ensemble that combines forecasts from these teams. These experiments have informed the ensemble methods used by the Hub. To be most useful to policymakers, ensemble forecasts must have stable performance in the presence of two key characteristics of the component forecasts: (1) occasional misalignment with the reported data, and (2) instability in the relative performance of component forecasters over time. Our results indicate that in the presence of these challenges, an untrained and robust approach to ensembling using an equally weighted median of all component forecasts is a good choice to support public health decision-makers. In settings where some contributing forecasters have a stable record of good performance, trained ensembles that give those forecasters higher weight can also be helpful.  相似文献   
715.
年龄的增长是否必然带来医疗费用的增长?以往的实证研究仍存在争议。使用CLHLS数据,区分不同人群,采用两部模型研究年龄和临近死亡时间与老年人医疗费用的关系。研究发现:虽然在低龄群体中医疗费用随年龄增长而提高,但高龄群体随着年龄的增长医疗费用显著下降;在死亡样本中医疗费用随年龄的增长而下降,而存活样本中并未发现年龄的显著影响。然而,临近死亡时间越短则医疗费用越高,这一规律在各群体中保持稳健。临近死亡时间并未显著影响失能老年人的医疗费用,却显著提高了一年内死亡样本的照料费用。研究表明,寿命的延长并未导致医疗费用的增长,而是推迟了医疗费用高峰期的到来。为此有必要发展和完善临终关怀服务和长期照护保障制度,以降低老年人生命末期的医疗费用并提高生命质量。  相似文献   
716.
This paper investigates the long-term effects of early-life exposure to natural disasters on a range of health and educational outcomes, utilizing the spatiotemporal variation in two large earthquakes that occurred in Myanmar in the same year as a natural experiment. The results indicate that cohorts exposed to earthquakes have a higher probability of having at least some difficulty with four activities: seeing, hearing, walking, and remembering. We adopt a battery of alternative specifications and arrive at similar results. Our further results show that earthquakes adversely impact the long-run educational attainment of individuals, exacerbating the pre-existing gender gap in schooling. The findings of this paper provide additional evidence of the importance of timely disaster management as one straightforward way to address the early-life roots of unequal opportunities.  相似文献   
717.
We use time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to estimate the cost of radiation treatments at the national level. Although TDABC has mostly been applied at the hospital level, we demonstrate its potential to estimate costs at the national level, which can provide health policy recommendations. Contrary to work on reimbursement or charges representing the health care system perspective, we focus on resource costs from the perspective of health care service providers. Using the example of Belgian inputs and results, we discuss development of a TDABC model. We also present insights into the challenges that arose during model design and implementation. Finally, we discuss recent examples of policy implications in Belgium as well as some caveats that should be considered when developing resource allocation models at the national level.  相似文献   
718.
While ICT hold great potential for healthy active aging, use among seniors is still low. Then, it becomes crucial to understand adoption patterns to inform policies aimed at bridging the “grey digital divide”. Using microdata from a representative sample of the Spanish population in 2015, discrete choice modelling is employed to explore the take-up of both standard and new ICT-based health monitoring devices. Findings indicate that there is no “grey digital divide” for wearable ICT; however, such a gap appears for apps. Moreover, the elderly are less willing to get advice from their physicians on these tools regardless their experience with them. Such results suggest the importance of promoting ICT for health, among the elderly, as new improved generations of the standard gadgets to which they are used. Future research should try to study the potential of wearable devices among seniors.  相似文献   
719.
运用CHARLS 2011、2013、2015年三期数据,采用双重差分模型和准自然实验框架,分析城乡居民大病保险制度对中老年居民医疗服务利用和健康的影响及其作用机制,并从城乡和收入两个角度对制度实施效应的异质性进行探究。研究表明:大病保险制度实施能够显著促进中老年居民住院医疗服务及健康,增加中老年居民住院概率1.03%,提高住院次数0.022次,提高住院总费用10.4个百分点,总体健康水平提高0.023个单位;制度实施主要促进了农村和中等收入群体的住院医疗服务利用和健康水平的改善,对低收入人群住院医疗服务影响有限,且对城镇居民和高收入群体的影响并不显著;作用机制分析显示大病保险制度实施通过提高居民医疗服务利用进而起到改善其健康水平的作用。研究表明大病保险制度对中老年居民的住院服务利用和健康起到积极作用,但对于低收入群体的效应仍有待进一步改善。  相似文献   
720.
Thanks to the advances in public health and medical sciences, the increasing of elderly has become a structural phenomenon in Europe and the rest of the World. This demographic age shift highlighted severe doubts about the sustainability of healthcare systems which see adult people as a burden rather than, if they are healthy and active, as an advantage for a country’s economic development. Safeguarding older people from infections is crucial, but supporting them during health emergencies is even more critical. Older adults, for example, became more at risk of death during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the balance previously achieved between age-related diseases and healthy quality of life went under higher pressure. As a result, the potential impact of ageing on healthcare expenditure is increasingly debated. Starting from this background, we propose a bibliometric study based on word embedding techniques to identify the drivers that could influence this relationship and track their evolution in the health policy debate. The main findings of our research underline that given the upward impact on the growth in health spending due to population ageing, policies oriented to improve their access to health services through new technologies could better meet the elderly needs, moderating the cost growth. Protecting the health of older adults represents, in fact, a challenge for governments as well as proof of the quality of health systems management, especially during severe outbreaks such as the one caused by the coronavirus.  相似文献   
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