世界农业发展趋势与中国特色农业现代化道路的战略选择

不同农业发达国家发展现代农业的道路可分为三种类型:劳动节约型、土地节约型和综合性技术进步型。结合世界现代农业的发展趋势,综合考虑我国人多地少、农业自然资源相对不足的现实和突出存在的农业发展制约因素,当前我国现代农业应选择综合性技术进步型发展模式。     

城乡统筹背景下重庆山区现代农业的发展路径

发展现代农业,繁荣农村经济,是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务。深入分析重庆现代农业的现实基础,揭示出重庆山区发展现代农业的障碍因素,提出了重庆现代农业的发展路径。     

Russian agriculture during Putin’s fourth term: a SWOT analysis

Russian agriculture is coming off a successful period under Minister Alexander Tkachev. Despite his successes, new agricultural leaders were named in May 2018 to guide agriculture during Putin’s fourth term. The article analyses the condition of and prospects for the agricultural sector during 2018–2024, using a SWOT framework (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). The analysis examines four strengths, six weaknesses, four opportunities and three threats.     

新加坡公共研发投入体系变革及其启示

为适应经济社会发展和应对未来挑战,新加坡不断加大公共研发投入规模,同时调整公共研发投入体系。近年来,新加坡更加注重部门与统筹投入兼顾,全方位支持创新活动和关注研发与经济社会关系,并通过新设或改造公共部门实施这些变革。这些做法促进了新加坡通过公共研发投入实现国家目标,对我国当前财政科技投入从分配到协调的转变具有重要借鉴意义。我们应该：适应国家经济发展,不断调整投入重点;既要强调自由研究,也要进行科学评估;建立多环节协调机制,营造良好的创新环境．     

Adapting a global cost-effectiveness model to local country requirements: posaconazole case study

Abstract

Background:

Many countries have various requirements for local economic analyses to assess the value of a new health technology and/or to secure reimbursement. This study presents a case study of an economic model developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole vs standard azole therapy (fluconazole/itraconazole) to prevent invasive fungal infections (IFIs), which was adapted by at least 11 countries.

Methods:

Modeling techniques were used to assess the cost-effectiveness of posaconazole vs fluconazole/itraconazole as IFI prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. For the core model, the probabilities of experiencing an IFI, IFI-related death, and death from other causes were estimated from clinical trial data. Long-term mortality, drug costs, and IFI treatment costs were obtained from secondary sources. Locally changed parameters were probabilities of long-term death and survival, currency, drug costs, health utility, IFI treatment costs, and discount rate.

Results:

Locally adapted cost-effective modeling studies indicate that prophylaxis with posaconazole, compared with fluconazole/itraconazole, prolongs survival, and, in most countries, is cost-saving. In all countries, the model predicted that prophylaxis with posaconazole would be associated with an increase in life-years, with increases ranging from 0.016–0.1 life-year saved. In all countries, use of the model led to posaconazole being approved by the appropriate reimbursement authority.

Limitations:

The study did not have power to detect differences between posaconazole and fluconazole or itraconazole separately. The risk of death after 100 days was assumed to be equal for those who did and did not develop an IFI, and equal probabilities of IFI-related and other death during the trial period were used for both groups.

Conclusions:

A core economic model was successfully adapted locally by several countries. The model showed that posaconazole was cost-saving or cost-effective vs fluconazole/itraconazole and led to positive reimbursement listings.     

黑龙江省农业现代化评价

客观评价现代农业发展水平,是制定区域现代农业发展政策与推进“三农”工作的重要前提。该 文基于现代农业特征构建农业现代化评价指标体系,并依此评价黑龙江省农业现代水平的时空特征,主要 结论如下:黑龙江省现代农业于2010年由起步阶段进入了初步实现阶段;全省农业现代化水平的区域差异 明显,以省会哈尔滨为最高值区,整体呈现出由西南向东北的递减趋势;不同地区在现代农业发展中具有 不同的限制因素和主要矛盾;今后,应进一步针对全省及各区域现代农业发展的“瓶颈”环节制定区域农 业发展政策,促进全省现代农业协调、快速和可持续发展。     

国际创新创业研究热点与趋势可视化分析

基于Web of Science数据库,借助知识图谱分析软件CiteSpace V,对国际四大顶级创业期刊近10年（2007-2016年）文献进行统计研究。运用共引、共词分析的突现值及图谱研究等方法,对创新创业领域的前沿热点、演化路径、研究趋势等进行分析,发现创新创业研究发文数量呈逐年增长趋势;从地域及机构分布来看,美国、英国、加拿大为创新创业研究高产国家;高产研究机构主要分布在美国、加拿大等国的大学和科研院所,机构前10名中美国占70%;高产作者分别是Shepherd DA、Wright M、Chrisman JJ、Webb JW、Baron RA等,他们大部分分布在高产机构中。研究热点由较为关注企业绩效、企业家才能、创新、洞察力等对创新创业发展的影响,逐渐转变为关注新经济背景下涌现的中小企业、新生企业的合法进入、机会识别等方面。     

我国休闲农业产业化发展研究:述评与启示 

休闲农业为农业的发展注入了活力,成为农业转型升级、实现农业现代化的重要途径。休闲农业的巨大潜力就在于其多功能性,通过对农业生产活动、农村田园风光、农家生活、农耕文化的资源整合、科学规划及创新开发,能够满足城市居民观光娱乐、休闲度假、农事体验、学习教育、康体怡情等多重需求。休闲农业的未来之路将走向何处、如何走的问题自然而然地成为国内文献研究的一个热点,但研究水平参差不齐。一方面,目前对休闲农业的概念、产业属性、发展原则等具有决定性作用的基础性问题的认知上仍存有诸多分歧;另一方面,有些学者却已高瞻远瞩发现了休闲农业的未来趋势将走向产业化发展道路,并对休闲农业产业化发展的路径与组织方式进行了探讨。文章在总结反思国内文献研究成果的基础上,对休闲农业的概念、产业属性、发展原则及产业集群式的产业化发展路径与多元化的组织形式进行了述评,并得出几点启示,以期促进相关学术研究的深化。     

基于循环经济的环境财务分析指标体系构建

目前我国的经济增长与自然环境之间的矛盾十分突出,需要大力发展循环经济,而建立环境财务分析指标体系,有助于推动企业循环经济的发展。本文介绍了循环经济的基本理论,简要回顾了国内外关于循环经济的理论研究成果。在此基础上,分析了循环经济对传统财务分析指标的影响,主要体现在主体多元化、目标多元化和指标多样化上。并根据3R原则设计了若干环境财务分析指标,指出了这些指标在沃尔评分法中的应用。