Relational Demography in Supervisor‐Subordinate Dyads: An Examination of Discrimination and Exclusionary Treatment

This study examines the link between supervisor‐subordinate dissimilarity and associated perceptions of discrimination and exclusionary treatment. Using a sample of 1,059 employees from a large Southeastern insurance company, we examined age, race, and gender dissimilarity as predictors of perceived discrimination, supervisory support, and leader‐member exchange. In addition, we examined supervisor liking/attraction and status of affiliation with supervisor as intervening variables. Race dissimilarity related positively to perceptions of discrimination and exclusionary treatment, mediated by both supervisor liking and status. Effects for age and gender dissimilarity were nonsignificant. We discuss the importance of these findings for understanding and managing dyadic relationships at work. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Book review

Many households include a family member with a disability. For these households, who consumes together, where they consume and when the consumption occurs often represent a complicated, nuanced set of tradeoffs. Based on in-depth interviews with families that include a child with a disability, we examine how a family makes an inclusion/exclusion decision and how the decision factors into the ongoing project of creating the family that is uniquely theirs. The analysis suggests that the decision-making is closely tied to the nature of the child's disability and that the type of disability is central to the family's narrative regarding its decision. Also, an important driver of the family's inclusion/exclusion decision is the process of self-stigmatization by non-disabled family members. The analysis shows that the implications of who in the family is included in the consumption, and the experience the family has as a result of the inclusion/exclusion decision reflect and reinforce the collective family's identity.     

教学用计算机常见故障与排除

在计算机实验课教学工作中,如不能及时地排除计算机故障,就会影响正常的教学进程,使教学内容受到影响。因此,对于教学用计算机出现的常见故障应及时排除,以保证教学计划的正常进行。教学用计算机的常见故障通常可分为两大类:硬件类故障和软件类故障。常用的故障排除方法主要有:拨插法、替换法、升温法、测量法、直接观察法等。     

Fair,reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms and technology adoption: standard setting vs. incompatible technologies

The present paper shows that in the absence of fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing terms, the adoption of a standard depends on the degree of network effects. If the degree of network externalities is low, patent holders may opt for developing incompatible technologies in order to avoid the entry deterrence in the downstream market and the resulting decrease in the royalty income. If the degree of network externalities is sufficiently high, patent holders may prefer developing a common standard even though it has a negative impact on the market entry in the downstream market. Generated network externalities are then sufficiently high to create additional demand compensating the losses from the entry deterrence. The application of FRAND terms eliminates the entry deterrence problem and by consequence stimulates the standard adoption. The use of the FRAND commitment has beneficial effects for consumer surplus and total welfare.     

家族企业为何把女儿排除在继承人之外——文献综述

传承关系到家族企业的基业长青。当前中国民营企业已经进入第二代接班阶段,接班人的选择亟待解决。但是由于受到传统社会观念以及中国文化等的影响,家族企业中的女儿往往被排除在继承人之外,这样既不利于女儿的发展,也不利于家族企业的顺利传承。家族企业应从企业整体利益出发,摒弃刻板印象,解放思想,积极客观地评判女儿的能力和作出的贡献。     

提高女大学生就业能力的必要性及价值分析

为把握了解当前女大学生的就业现状,分析女大学生"就业难"和社会排挤的主要原因,研究分析并提出相关对策建议,我们对某高校女大学生就业情况进行问卷调查。调查中我们发现就业过程中确实存在女生比男生更难就业,女生就业面临的最大困难就是性别歧视和社会排挤。政府部门、用人单位与学校应采用积极的改进措施帮助女大学生就业和减少社会排挤。     

女大学生就业难社会排斥视角分析

随着新就业政策的实施和大学扩招后大学生的陆续毕业,女大学生就业难问题已成为一个不争的事实。女大学生就业难问题是由多种原因造成的,在社会资本和社会性别理论的基础上,从社会排斥的视角对女大学生就业难问题进行深入分析,有助于探讨女大学生就业难的深层次原因。     

THE BLACK SOCIAL ECONOMY: PERSEVERANCE OF BANKER LADIES IN THE SLUMS

In a neoliberal world where commercial financial services are controlled by elites, poor Black women in the slums are usually excluded from financial programs – even microfinance ones. In my empirical study of 491 people in Jamaica, Guyana and Haiti, I argue that the participation in informal banking systems by the poor, not only provides coping tools for livelihood survival, but banker ladies insert a program of social connectedness and political action when they organize these local resources. Banker ladies have a clear social justice agenda: to validate the business activities of marginalized people. Informal banks are a counter project to neoliberalism because it is focused on the collective, where poor Afro‐Caribbean women are creating alternative financial programs that are squarely part of the social economy.     

转型期中国城市农民工贫困原因探析

目前人们主要从经济、能力和权利三方面来定义和衡量贫困。在人们对贫困成因的阐释中,个人、社会和自然因素是各有侧重。文章从文化视角,遵循文化-制度-经济的思路,尝试用整合的方法来探究转型期中国城市农民工贫困发生的机理,从而为反贫困实践提供理论依据。     

Ostracizing sources avoid communal tastes: Effect of ostracizing behaviour on extraordinary consumption

Although people often exclude others in their daily encounters and social media interactions, no consumer research on ostracism has solely focused on sources of ostracism. We argue that the influence of ostracism on evasive behaviour is worth investigating since the scant academic investigations on sources are limited to their reparation intentions for their harmful behaviour. Three experiments were conducted to examine the influence of ostracizing behaviour (vs. neutral vs. social interaction) on extraordinary consumption in face-to-face and social media contexts. It was uncovered that sources sense dissonant feelings in dissimilar contexts when their behaviour transcends society's normative boundaries and, hence, prefer consumption that does not commonly appear in society as a means to evade this dissonance. The effect was moderated by sources' justification of their behaviour. We initiate consumer research on sources of ostracism and contribute to the marketing practice of introducing extraordinary consumption options by investigating the psychological consequences of ostracizing behaviour.