日本油料发展政策及对我国的启示

日本是油料进口大国,近年来日本采取一系列的保护政策刺激国内油料生产,一方面以国内支持方式鼓励本国农民种植大豆等油料作物,另一方面利用边境措施来保护国内油脂加工业的发展.这些政策措施大大减少了植物油的进口量,保护了日本农民利益和促进了油脂加工业的发展.目前中国也是植物油的进口大国,进口量占到总需求量的一半左右.因而,学习借鉴日本油料发展政策,对于发展我国油料产业,保证食用油脂安全有着重要的现实意义.     

日本专利代理人制度的最新发展及对我国的启示

专利代理人制度是整个专利法律制度的核心。日本的专利代理人制度自1889年创设以来已有115年的历史,前后经历了萌芽时期、发展时期、完善时期和成熟期四个阶段,迄今为止已形成了包含专利代理人考试制度、实务修习制度、专利业务法人制度、专利代理人协会制度和学校教育制度等在内的较为完善的专利代理人制度。纵观日本专利代理人制度,其立法的精细化程度、专利代理人协会对知识产权法律制度革新的参与与推动作用、中小企业专利代理援助制度以及专利代理人学校教育制度等方面对完善我国专利代理人立法和推动创新型国家建设均有极为重要的借鉴意义。     

论日本电子企业的衰落及其启示

日本消费电子产品曾以其质量过硬、产品新颖而备受世界消费者的喜爱,而如今,市场上却很少看到日本电子巨头索尼、松下、夏普等的消费电子产品,日本消费电子产品霸主地位逐渐消失。近几年,日本电子类产品的出口规模一直在收缩,2011财年,索尼、松下、夏普均出现巨额亏损。日本电子企业衰落的原因主要是:缺乏创新的国际视野和思维,企业员工老龄化严重,忽视消费者的实际需求,产品多元化战略造成产品成本增加、企业资源分散以及竞争对手不断兴起等。我国电子企业正处于快速发展时期,但也面临与日本电子企业相似的情况,应吸取日本电子企业衰落的经验教训,树立先进的创新观,坚持"产品以人为本"的理念,不断创新用人机制,以差异化战略突破多元化弊端获取竞争优势。。     

日本汽车“整零”关系模式及其对中国汽车产业的启示

日本汽车产业不但推动了日本国内相关产业的协同发展,而且在全球汽车产业中占据优势地位,之所以如此,与其先进的"整零"关系模式是分不开的。日本汽车产业"整零"关系是供应商承担"一揽子委托",组织体系呈金字塔式,整车企业通过多种形式对下游供应商进行渗透,资产专用性投资程度很高,其效果是:形成规模经济,减少内部成本;达成知识共享,促进产能提高;实现双向提升,增进关系稳固。我国汽车产业"整零"关系具有诸多局限性,应借鉴日本经验,处理好整车企业与零部件供应商之间的关系,形成"战略-利益"共同体,使汽车产业的"整零"关系进入一个良性循环,从而促进我国整个汽车产业的高速、高质发展。     

经济转型背景下日本贸易技术结构的演进研究——基于1960-1988年数据的实证分析

贸易结构是一国产业结构的反映,对一国产业结构也会带来一定的影响。依据经合组织的技术密集度标准,将日本的进出口商品进行分类。在此基础上,分析了日本贸易结构技术构成的演进。研究发现,战后日本的出口结构出现了持续、明显的升级,进口则集中在中技术与低技术产业。随着日本经济的发展,影响贸易结构的因素以及进出口结构之间的关联均发生了明显的变化。     

Foreign Entry into Underwriting Services: Evidence from Japan's “Big Bang” Deregulation

We examined the effect of foreign entry into bond market underwriting activity using issue‐level data from the Japanese “Samurai” and euro–yen bond markets. We found that the fees charged by Japanese underwriters were higher on average than those of foreign underwriters, but the difference could be explained by conditioning on issue characteristics. Our results also suggest that bond issuers sorted properly across underwriters, as switching across underwriter nationalities would be expected to result in higher fees. However, the savings enjoyed by firms issuing with foreign underwriters were modest and statistically insignificant, while those of firms issuing with Japanese underwriters were substantial and statistically significant. This result suggests that Japanese underwriters priced their services aggressively over the sample period, perhaps in an effort to retain or gain market share. This conjecture is supported by a matching exercise that examined the liberalization of foreign underwriter access to the Samurai bond market, using euro–yen bond issues as a control. Foreign entry led to a statistically and economically significant decrease of 16 basis points on average in underwriting fees in the Samurai bond market. Overall, our results suggest that the international market for Japanese bond underwriting services was partially segmented by nationality as issuers appear to have preferred habitats, but that liberalization increased overall market competition.     

日本依托区域经济一体化主导国际经贸规则制定权的战略分析

以安倍第二次出任日本首相为分水岭,起步晚、发展迅速的日本区域经济一体化战略发生了巨大的变化:由昔日高度重视通过参与、组建区域经济一体化组织来确保日本经济稳定发展的资源供给、不断开拓的海外市场转向了依托参与、组建区域经济一体化组织来主导国际经贸规则制定权。为此,安倍政府实施了以TPP/CPTPP、RCEP、中日韩FTA等区域多边贸易协定为龙头,以日欧EPA、日美贸易协定、日美数字贸易协定、日英EPA等双边自由贸易协定为两翼的区域经济一体化战略,使日本"成为在区域层面以及双边层面创造规则的国家"。     

日本渔业协同组合合并效果分析

渔业协同组合制度是日本渔业管理制度的重要基石之一,但由于历史的原因,其在发展过程中经历了艰难的历程.论文针对日本渔业协同组合自1960年开始实施的一项重要措施——渔业协同组合合并制度,试图从渔业协同组合的组织基础和经营的损益状况等视角,尝试对日本渔协合并的政策效果进行评价,以期得到一些有益的启示与借鉴.     

Do Japanese consumers care about sustainable fisheries? Evidence from an auction of ecolabelled seafood

This paper investigates Japanese consumers' willingness to pay for Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) ecolabelled seafood using a sealed bid, second price auction. Participants in an experiment in Tokyo were provided varying degrees of information about the status of world and Japanese fisheries and the MSC program in sequential rounds of bidding on ecolabelled and nonlabelled salmon products. A random‐effects tobit regression shows that there is a statistically significant premium of about 20 per cent for MSC‐ecolabelled salmon over nonlabelled salmon when consumers are provided information on both the status of global fish stocks and the purpose of the MSC program. This premium arises from a combination of an increased willingness to pay for labelled products and a decreased willingness to pay for unlabelled products. However, in the absence of experimenter‐provided information, or when provided information about the purpose of the MSC program alone without concurrent information about the need for the MSC program, there is no statistically significant premium.