Colouring markets: The industrial transformation of the dyestuff business revisited

Using British and German price and trade data, the development of European dye markets in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is analysed. Traditionally, the markets were divided into a commercially important segment of premium dyes and a low-cost segment for mass consumption. The rise of industrially produced dyes came later and was more long-drawn-out than commonly assumed. Initially premium dyes did not enter the mass market before the 1880s, and even then no cost advantage over main natural dyes was achieved. Instead, newly created path dependencies and superior business organisation seem to have been the key to their success.     

知识产权评估折现率的研究

在知识产权评估的常用方法中,收益法具有重要地位。而折现率是收益法中的重要参数之一,其细微的差异将会导致评估结果的显著不同。知识产权折现率的现有确定方法存在诸多缺陷。本文在分析知识产权折现率的特点与构成的基础上,创建了基于模糊数学理论、集值统计原理和层次分析法的知识产权折现率估算新模型——扩展资本成本模型,并通过评估案例探讨了该模型在实践中的应用。     

人称代词在英汉招聘广告中的运用比较

人称代词是使用频率非常高、功能十分重要但形式却相对比较简单的一种词类。本文在对英语人称代词的各种语用规则进行总结的基础上，通过对各类英语招聘广告中人称代词出现频率的概率统计，试图得出英语招聘广告中人称代词实际运用的语用意义。最后比较了人称代词在英汉招聘广告中的运用频率，再一次强化了英语人称代词实际运用的语用意义，以促进英语学习。     

用图论法确定工艺尺寸链

本文介绍了应用图论的基本知识如何确定工艺过程中的尺寸链,并通过实例总结了确定工艺尺寸链的具体方法、步骤和注意事项。为确定复杂工艺尺寸链提供了一种新的方法。     

The importance of understanding different complaint themes' impact on commitment

The research establishes that different complaint themes do not impact commitment with the same intensity. In other words, managers should not give the same amount of attention to all of the complaints received by the company. Thirty‐five complaints were recorded and eventually categorized into four groups. These groups were: (1) high price; (2) lacking a sense of community; (3) firm procedures; and (4) other. The fourth theme was labelled ‘other’ because of the heterogeneity that existed among the complaints that did not fit with the other three themes. These four themes were compared with each other concerning their effect on commitment. Because of the small sample size, a Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to analyse the data. Next, a post hoc test was conducted using a series of Mann‐Whitney tests. The results show that the theme with the most complaints (high price) did not have the biggest impact on commitment. Rather, another complaint (lacking a sense of community) demonstrated the largest impact on commitment. This research highlights the importance of analysing complaint groups with other relationship variables, and not just choosing the most frequently stated complaint as the area to improve an organization.     

Some Economics of Public Statistics

Public statistics are an important part of the information needed for efficient and effective agricultural and rural policy. Experience of several decades of work at the interface of statistics and policy, in particular on income measurement in agriculture, suggests that there are systematic failures in the process by which statistics are fed into policy decisions, although their nature and extent can be expected to vary across types of policy. These failures include poor recognition of the need for information and conceptual obsolescence in methodologies. The explanations for these failures are likely to include the unwillingness of policy‐makers to articulate their objectives clearly, various interests in not having better statistics, the limited independence of agricultural statisticians from departments responsible for policy, and the low level of engagement by academics. Ways of improving the situation are explored.     

我国政府统计数据质量现状分析

政府统计数据的质量与国家宏观决策和企业微观决策的质量紧密相关,不正确和不完善的数据可能会导致决策的错误和失败。所以,现代社会对数据质量的关注更多。鉴于此,从我国政府统计数据质量的新进展和存在的问题两个方面,分析评价了中国政府统计数据质量现状。     

Epstein–Zin Utility,Asset Prices,and the Business Cycle Revisited

This paper discusses the advantages of Epstein and Zin (1989) (EZ) preferences when building dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models that are consistent with well‐known stylized facts of both the business cycle and asset markets. To this end, we combine EZ preferences with several building blocks from the DSGE literature that has tried to solve the equity premium puzzle and to replicate characteristic statistics of the labor market. Our goal is to guide researchers in this area to useful modeling devices and to discuss EZ preferences vis‐a‐vis the standard time‐additive expected utility function. EZ preferences separate the attitude toward risk from the attitude toward intertemporal substitution. We demonstrate that this additional degree of freedom allows us to closely match the empirical facts already in a frictionless production economy with endogenous labor supply. Our study follows Heer and Maußner (2013). We examine models that consider adjustment costs of capital accumulation, consumption habits, and frictions in the allocation of labor. Our empirical targets are estimated from German data.     

应急时期司法政策的现实运用及风险规控

在国家处于应急时期时,最高人民法院单独或联合出台司法政策已成为非常态社会治理的重要方式。应急时期的司法政策具有出台快速性、效力临时性、目的明确性、主体联动性和运行政治性特点,并通过“作为裁判依据”和“作为裁判背景”的方式化解社会矛盾、维护社会稳定。鉴于司法政策本身的定位不清,其对秩序的追求和紧急权行使与基本法治原则相抵牾,以及“成本—收益”理论阐释该时期政策与法律选择的非自主性,应急时期的司法政策在实现法治价值的同时也极易被不当运用,如直接将行政政策转化为司法政策,为达成维稳目标致使司法政策“运动式”运行,政策的“短期化”削弱司法公信力,以及笼统地将司法政策用作裁判依据等。针对可能风险,我们应基于法律与社会的“诉求—回应”关系,厘清特殊时期司法政策与公共政策的区别,结合教义学体系明确司法政策运用的具体要求,借助案例指引作用阐释司法政策蕴含的裁判规则,以及通过法律论证增强援引秩序价值说理的可接受性。     

美国ADR对我国诉讼外纠纷解决方式的启示

20世纪60年代以来,美国在"诉讼爆炸"的压力下,通过大力利用、发展ADR,拓宽了高效、公正解决纠纷的新途径,成功缓解了法院压力。当前,我国法院面临着民事案件日益增多的压力,借鉴美国ADR,构建本土化的诉讼外纠纷解决机制,有利于缓解法院日益增长的诉讼案件的压力,维护社会的稳定与和谐。