Implementation of land and ecosystem accounts at the European Environment Agency

The European Environment Agency has started the implementation of a programme of land use and ecosystem accounts, following the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA) guidelines of the United Nations. The purpose is to integrate information across the various ecosystem components and to support further assessments and modelling of these components and their interactions with economic and social developments. This programme reflects the increasing demand for environmental policy integration in Europe, both vertically through thematic policies as well as horizontally across policies in those sectors that contribute most to environmental impacts. The construction of land and ecosystem accounts is now feasible due to continuous improvements in monitoring, collecting and processing data and progress with the development of statistical methods that facilitate data assimilation and integration. The accounts are based on explicit spatial patterns provided by comprehensive land cover accounts that can be scaled up and down using a 1 km² grid to any type of administrative region or ecosystem zone (e.g., river basin catchments, coastal zones or bio-geographic areas). Land cover accounts have been produced for 24 countries in Europe and first results published in the European Environment State and Outlook2005 report of the EEA.¹     

常德市旅游资源开发研究

本文首先扼要介绍了常德市发展旅游业的基本状况,然后分析了影响常德市旅游资源开发的有利和不利因素,最后从提高知名度,走出阴影区、突出水乡特色、选择开发重点及资源保护几个方面阐述旅游资源开发的具体措施并设计了旅游路线。     

Developing holistic leaders: Four domains for leadership development and practice

Leadership development and practice have traditionally been quite narrow, with a decided focus on the analytical realm of leadership. However, the contemporary climate of corporate scandal and resultant loss of societal confidence, coupled with the evolving demands, needs, and expectations of employees, point to the potential need for a more holistic approach to leadership. Thus, this article proposes how management education and leadership development programs can develop holistic leaders that are adept at operating in the analytical, conceptual, emotional, and spiritual domains of leadership practice. An integrated model for holistic leadership development and practice that addresses all four of these domains is proposed, and grounded in both established and emerging leadership development theory. Additionally, a leadership development classification scheme is proposed based on classroom, job, and organizational contexts.     

用科学发展观指导城市土地整理

用科学发展观指导城市土地整理工作,处理好城市发展与城市用地总量与结构平衡、生态环境保护的关系,统筹人与自然的和谐发展。为此,要建立健全城市土地整理市场准入机制,完善城市土地整理市场规则,实行政企分开、政事分开,体现市场经济公开、公平、有序、竞争原则,以实现城市土地整理区的社会经济协调发展。     

苏联模式影响下的绿地资源管理——从历史 制度主义视角之“路径依赖”解读

历史制度主义是新制度主义中的重要分支，强调政 策是随着时间的推移而被制度塑造的，存在着“路径依赖”现 象，这意味着在过去制度环境中做出的政策选择影响现在的政 策结果。中国城市治理制度深受苏联模式的影响，若想理解以 及应对规划管理中存在的问题，首先需探索其历史。提供了一 种从规划历史切入分析的视角以更好地理解与解决规划管理中 的现存问题，进而构建具有我国发展特色的规划管理理论分析 方法。首先探讨了历史制度主义在制度分析中的应用及优势， 然后通过探讨与分析我国绿地资源管理现状证明苏联模式如何 通过“路径依赖”影响现在的绿地资源管理机制，将历史制度 主义分析方法应用于理解我国的规划管理实践中，在我国自然 资源部成立的改革大背景下提出相应政策建议。     

城市土地价格波动对房地产业的影响——1999～2005年中国20城市的实证分析

本文利用1999～2005年间的数据对我国地价与房价的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果表明房价对地价有显著影响,地价对房价的影响度较小.在对地价与房价互动传导机制进行研究时,提出了3个传导路径,这些路径上的各个变量大都相互影响.通过分析我们还发现金融支持和土地政策在地价与房价变动中扮演着重要角色,抑制房价不能只控制土地价格,还应从金融支持、投资等方面着手,制定更严格的信贷制度,增加房地产交易税和提高居民可支配收入.本文的研究对于政府制定正确的货币政策和房地产业政策具有积极的参考意义.     

沙地资源管理理论探析

作为脆弱生态系统可持续发展研究的重要内容，沙化土地资源管理逐渐引起人们的重视。沙化土地资源管理研究具有高度的综合性及横断学科的特点，文章以沙地资源产业化、资产化、自然资源核算、生态经济系统的能值分析、承载力分析、管理政策的完善等为中心的生态经济管理研究，旨在探讨与揭示资源管理的有效手段，并为实现沙地资源可持续发展提供科学的理论依据。     

企业人力资源管理分析——基于新制度经济学视角

学术界对人力资本和人力资源问题一直十分重视和关注.从制度经济学的视角探讨了人力资源管理和新制度经济学及其相关的理论研究之间的联系,为我们从制度与机制设计的角度认识人力资源管理系统的性质提供了新的思路.     

Evolution of harvesting strategies: replicator and resource dynamics

Abstract. Economic theories of managing renewable resources, such as fisheries and forestry, traditionally assume that individual harvesters are perfectly rational and thus able to compute the harvesting strategy that maximizes their discounted profits. The current paper presents an alternative approach based on bounded rationality and evolutionary mechanisms. It is assumed that individual harvesters face a choice between two harvesting strategies. The evolution of the distribution of strategies in the population is modeled through a replicator dynamics equation. The latter captures the idea that strategies yielding above average profits are demanded more than strategies yielding below average profits, so that the first type ends up accounting for a larger part in the population. From a mathematical perspective, the combination of resource and evolutionary processes leads to complex dynamics. The paper presents the existence and stability conditions for each steady-state of the system and analyzes dynamic paths to the equilibrium. In addition, effects of changes in prices are analyzed. A main result of the paper is that under certain conditions both strategies can survive in the long-run. Correspondence to: J. Noailly     

Managing the international commons: Resource use and pollution control

The simultaneous management, in an international context, of free-access renewable resources and transboundary pollution, is examined in a dynamic game framework. First-best outcomes under international cooperation are determined and compared to noncooperative outcomes when countries follow linear Markov strategies. An international policy consisting of taxes on emissions and harvesting, with international redistribution of tax receipts, is used to achieve the cooperative solution. In addition, side payments may be required to prevent free riding and thus make the international policy implementable.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International WorkshopEconomic Aspects of International Water Resources Utilization in the Mediterranean Basin, Fondazione ENI Enrico Mattei, Milan, October 1993, and the Fifth Annual Conference of EAERE, Dublin, June 1994. I would like to thank Peter Berck, Charles Kolstad, Mordechai Schechter, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments.