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21.
To halt the decline of biodiversity in New Zealand, the government has formulated a strategy of maintaining and restoring a full range of remaining natural habitats to a healthy functioning state. Many indigenous forest remnants exist on private land, and these could be utilised to increase biodiversity. Resources for conservation of forest remnants are limited, so they must be used wisely to deliver the greatest possible biodiversity gain. This paper presents a rapid method for valuing the biodiversity of a region's indigenous forest remnants to help prioritise conservation resources. The region is divided into environmentally distinct areas called land environments. A detailed land-cover map is derived from satellite imagery and used to estimate the proportion of natural habitats remaining in each land environment; from this the biodiversity value of any forest remnant may be calculated. The method is rapid and does not require detailed biodiversity information. When combined with conservation costs, it may be used to create a priority list of forest remnants for conservation. The Manawatu/Wanganui region of New Zealand is used as a case study to demonstrate the method. 相似文献
22.
郑立春 《石家庄经济学院学报》1996,(5)
毛泽东的思想不是封闭的。早在革命战争时期,毛泽东的对外开放思想就非常明显,主要表现在引进外援方面。建国后,毛泽东的对外开放思想有所发展。本文主要从四个方面探讨毛泽东的对外开放思想。 相似文献
23.
24.
中国的房价与地价:理论、实证和政策分析 总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55
严金海 《数量经济技术经济研究》2006,23(1):17-26
本文采用四象限模型、格兰杰因果检验和误差修正模型等分析方法,从理论、实证和政策等方面对中国房价与地价关系以及市场结构和政府供地方式的转变对二者关系的影响进行系统、深入地研究,并对进一步规范房地产市场秩序,理顺地价和房价形成机制等提出政策建议。研究结果表明,短期内房价决定地价,长期内二者相互影响。与协议出让方式相比,土地招拍挂出让通过促进土地市场的买方竞争、降低房地产增量市场的垄断性,在显化土地价格的同时,降低了地价对房价的影响程度。 相似文献
25.
张啸寅 《中小企业管理与科技》2020,(6):49-50
土地的开发利用对于土地资源的可持续发展来说至关重要。当前,生态环境的建设改造需要土地利用规划的进一步协调发展。土地资源利用规划不当对生态环境带来了很多负面影响,长远来看,损害了人类发展的各种利益。论文对土地利用规划、环境影响评价的定义、意义以及策略进行了探讨。 相似文献
26.
Graziella Bertocchi 《Journal of Economic Growth》2006,11(1):43-70
We study the connection between inheritance systems and the historical evolution of the relationship between a society’s economic
structure and its political system, with a focus on Europe from feudal times. The model predicts that, in an early agrarian
phase, aristocratic political systems prevail, while democracies tend to emerge with industrialization. At the same time,
as indivisible landed estates are replaced by capital as the primary source of wealth, the inheritance system evolves endogenously
from primogeniture to partition. The dynamics of output, distribution, class structure and political participation are in
turn reinforced by the system of intergenerational wealth transmission, with primogeniture tending to concentration and partition
to equalization.
“But the law of inheritance was the last step to equality.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835). 相似文献
27.
We critically review the literature that claims that existence values, or nonuse values in general, are a large and measurable component of total value for certain environmental resources. Our concern is not with the question “do nonuse values exist?” For some individuals they surely do. Rather, our concern is with two interrelated questions: are there operationally meaningful theorems which might lead to the specific measurement of nonuse values, and do we in fact have a body of credible evidence which shows that nonuse values, particularly components of any nonuse value, are “large”? We find nothing in the way of operationally meaningful hypotheses which would permit the estimation of values attributable to specific motives of individuals. We find no credible basis for claims related to either the measurement of existence and other motive-related values or claims for the “large” relative size of such values. In short, we question the conventional wisdom that such values are measurable and that they are significant as a component of total value. 相似文献
28.
Fiscal sociology deals with the ramifications of the fiscal activities of the state into areas which are not their primary target. These effects may occur in sectors not directly affected such as related markets, but they may also occur outside the economic sphere proper, such as in politics, culture, religion, or society at large. Schumpeter contributed to the research project of fiscal sociology throughout his life. In this first approximation, his contribution is discussed in terms of his appreciation of three important scholars who all made landmark contributions to fiscal sociology: Franz Oppenheimer, Werner Sombart, and Gustav (von) Schmoller.JEL Classification:
B15, H39 相似文献
29.
中国农村土地制度改革模式探索 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
农村土地制度不仅是中国革命的根本性问题,在相当长时期内,仍将是中国现代化建设的最基础问题,尤其是当前解决"三农"问题的迫切性及中国建立和谐社会目标是否已经构成了土地制度新突破的能量呢?果真如此,那么,条件是否具备?时机是否成熟?本文通过对我国农村土地制度的局限性和存在的问题分析后认为,中国农村土地制度改革已经到了必须进行所有制变革的时候了.而考虑到中国具体实际和改革面临的阻力,笔者提出了改革的战略思路是:第一阶段实行土地股份所有,市场化经营;第二阶段实行农村土地农民个人所有制. 相似文献
30.
Jean-Louis Weber 《Ecological Economics》2007,61(4):695-707
The European Environment Agency has started the implementation of a programme of land use and ecosystem accounts, following the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA) guidelines of the United Nations. The purpose is to integrate information across the various ecosystem components and to support further assessments and modelling of these components and their interactions with economic and social developments. This programme reflects the increasing demand for environmental policy integration in Europe, both vertically through thematic policies as well as horizontally across policies in those sectors that contribute most to environmental impacts. The construction of land and ecosystem accounts is now feasible due to continuous improvements in monitoring, collecting and processing data and progress with the development of statistical methods that facilitate data assimilation and integration. The accounts are based on explicit spatial patterns provided by comprehensive land cover accounts that can be scaled up and down using a 1 km2 grid to any type of administrative region or ecosystem zone (e.g., river basin catchments, coastal zones or bio-geographic areas). Land cover accounts have been produced for 24 countries in Europe and first results published in the European Environment State and Outlook2005 report of the EEA.1 相似文献