冲突视阈下城中村的社会互动与整合

社会冲突论认为社会在本质上就充满着各种矛盾,社会系统是一个交织着各种矛盾与冲突现象的统一体。作为城乡二元社会结构矛盾典型代表的城中村,充满着重重矛盾与冲突,体现在集体资产、经济利益、拆迁改造、文化隔阂等方面。然而普遍存在的冲突并不仅仅意味着对立与斗争,冲突对社会系统同样具有整合功能。处于冲突状态下的城中村经过集体产权制度改革、多元利益主体的互动与博弈、多元文化与价值观的碰撞与融合,将逐步融入城市,实现城乡有效整合。     

Top management team functional diversity and organizational innovation in China: The moderating effects of environment

While conflicts (cognitive and affective) have been considered as important process variables to better understand the mixed findings on the relationship between top management team functional diversity and organizational innovation, such an input‐process‐outcome model is still incomplete without considering the environmental factors. This study was formulated to assess the importance of both competitive and institutional environments in moderating such upper echelon effects within a transition economy. The chief executive officers and chief technology officers of 122 Chinese firms were surveyed and both competitive uncertainty and institutional support were found to shape top management team decision making processes and their outcomes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Different Pathways that Suggest Whether Auditors’ Going Concern Opinions are Ethically Based

Several critics have reopened the continuing debate regarding the credibility of the auditing profession in part because of auditors’ reluctance to issue warning signals to investors. At the root of auditors’ lack of independence issues are conflicts of interest resulting from the structural features of auditor–client relationship. The Throughput Model (TP) is advanced to illustrate how ethical issues may be influenced by conflicts of interest. In the first stage, the TP provides an isolation of auditors’ ethical positions from six ethical different perspectives. In the second stage, previous TP theory is built upon by arguing a simultaneous analysis of how conflicts of interests may induce auditors’ behavior. We conclude that in the current low litigation risk environment, auditors’ ethical behavior (both conscious and unconscious) is clearly ‹unbalanced’ favoring the reluctance to issue warning signals. Finally, we offer a discussion of potential solutions to improve ethical issues.

融资约束抑或代理冲突? 上市公司非效率投资动因研究

本文利用投资价值效应的一般原理对我国上市公司的非效率投资产生的原因及其表现形式重新进行了审视和研究。研究发现,无论是国有控股公司还是非国有控股公司,公司经营业绩均与其投资支出呈现出倒U型的曲线关系,且投资支出比例分别在0.47727和0.36971时公司经营业绩达到最高。倒U型曲线关系表明我国上市公司的非效率投资既包含投资不足,又存在过度投资,因而是融资约束和代理问题共同作用的结果。     

矿粮复合区土地利用冲突强度测算研究——以江西省德兴铜矿和永平铜矿污染区域为例

[目的]矿粮复合区土地利用冲突问题是当前耕地保护与粮食安全领域的热点问题,但长期以来在二元经济结构背景下对农业资源保护的缺位造成了矿粮复合区土地利用冲突问题,最终造成当前矿粮复合区土地利用冲突矛盾不断激化的现状。[方法]该研究通过对江西省德兴铜矿和铅山永平铜矿污染区的田野调查获取数据源,运用土地利用冲突实际补偿(AC)与补偿意愿(WTA)间的缺口来测度冲突强度,通过灰色检验以探查矿粮复合区土地利用冲突强度测算值的正确性,并由此对矿粮复合区土地利用冲突强度加以评定。[结果](1)经测算土地占用损失冲突强度为16.81,房屋损坏冲突强度为62.50,土壤污染冲突强度为2 000.00,饮用水源污染冲突强度为222.22,疾病冲突强度为+∞;(2)当前实际补偿严重缺位,以致造成实际补偿与受偿意愿间的严重脱节,最终造成土地利用冲突强度加剧的现象;(3)当前矿企与地方政府通过寻租行为来规避污染方面的补偿,同时由于农村产权问题的模糊化,为污染排放寻租提供可模糊的"灰色地带",以致形成"公地的悲剧",加剧这些损失领域的土地利用冲突危机;(4)当前对矿粮复合区相关损失的补偿原则忽略了以人为本的根本理念,而更强调从财产视角加以治理与补偿。[结论](1)当前隐性土地利用冲突强度升级,以至于在社会急剧变革的当下隐性冲突集中爆发,由此引发矿粮复合区"社会—生态"可持续发展危机;(2)当前矿粮复合区存在显性冲突补偿,而对隐性冲突弱化的趋势,致使农户根本利益受损,土地利用冲突强度升级;(3)当前矿粮复合区土地利用冲突强度是由空间性、系统性、全局性因素所引发的。     

On the importance of institutions and forms of organisation in Piero Sraffa's economics: the case of business cycles,money, and economic policy

Abstract

This paper is based on an investigation of the Sraffa Archives and tries to characterise Piero Sraffa's approach to business cycles and economic policy. It includes two parts. The first part of the paper shows the importance of economic institutions and social conventions in Sraffa's contribution to economics and their relation with social conflicts. The second part of the paper shows how this importance permits to understand better business cycles and economic policy but also indirectly contributes to a re-interpretation of Sraffa's contribution to economics.     

冲突与再铸:市场价值观

以马克思主义哲学价值论为指导，描述与分析社会主义市场经济条件下价值观的冲突：正负并存、今昔脱钩、多元交错等。探讨与揭示价值观的困惑与挑战：发展必然论、同步效应论、自然生存论、完美境界论等。设计与倡导有利于社会主义市场经济可持续发展的价值调控：价值主体调控、价值目标调控、价值评价调控等。     

Local social environment and the speed of leverage adjustment

This study examines the impact of social capital on firms’ leverage adjustment speed. Using a comprehensive dataset of 83,374 firm-year observations for 744 US counties for 1990–2016, we find that both underleveraged and overleveraged firms located in US counties with higher levels of social capital incur slower leverage adjustment towards their optimal target capital structure. This finding is robust to alternative measures of leverage and social capital, different model specifications, controlling for county- and firm-level characteristics, and endogeneity. We further identify two mechanisms through which social capital affects leverage adjustments: monitoring (channel for underleveraged firms) and disciplinary (channel for overleveraged firms) mechanisms.     

谈《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的可然性

通过展示两个主人公的三个阶段 :童年 ,成年 ,死亡 ,他们经历了从自然界到现实生活又回归到自然界中的悲剧 ,分析了引发悲剧的三个主要矛盾。从而得出结论 ,社会衡量婚姻的金钱和地位至上的标准必然引发了种种冲突 ,从而导致了这一悲剧 ,因此也就构成了这一悲剧的可然性。     

质量技术监督法律规范冲突适用原则解析

不同位阶质量技术监督法律规范冲突表现为下位法与上位法相抵触,处理不同位阶质量技术监督法律规范冲突,适用上位法优于下位法原则。同位阶质量技术监督法律规范冲突,主要适用特别法优于一般法、后法优于前法、法不溯及既往等原则。